Caryologia
https://riviste.fupress.net/index.php/caryologia
<p><em>Caryologia</em> is devoted to the publication of original papers, and occasionally of reviews, about plant, animal and human karyological, cytological, cytogenetic, embryological, and ultrastructural studies. Articles about the structure, the organization, and the biological events relating to DNA and chromatin organization in eukaryotic cells are considered. Caryologia has a strong tradition in plant and animal cytosystematics and in cytotoxicology. Bioinformatics articles may be considered, but only if they have an emphasis on the relationship between the nucleus and cytoplasm and/or the structural organization of the eukaryotic cell. Articles about other aspects of molecular genetics might be considered if related to the concepts of species boundary, delimitations, and phylogenetic position.</p>Firenze University Pressen-USCaryologia0008-7114<ul> <li class="show">Copyright on any open access article in a journal published byCaryologia is retained by the author(s).</li> <li class="show">Authors grant Caryologia a license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher.</li> <li class="show">Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified.</li> <li class="show">The <a class="is-external" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0</a> formalizes these and other terms and conditions of publishing articles.</li> <li class="show">In accordance with our <a class="is-external" href="https://www.biomedcentral.com/getpublished/editorial-policies#availability+of+data+and+materials" target="_self">Open Data policy</a>, the <a class="is-external" href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Public Domain Dedication waiver</a> applies to all published data in Caryologia open access articles.</li> </ul>First cytogenetic study of the Somphong’s rasbora (Trigonostigma somphongsi) (Perciformes, Cyprinidae), a critically endangered species in Thailand
https://riviste.fupress.net/index.php/caryologia/article/view/2439
<p class="p1">The first chromosome study of <em>Trigonostigma somphongsi </em>(Meinken,1958) from Thailand. Specimens were collected from Pak Phli District, Nakhornnayok Province, central Thailand. The mitotic chromosomes were directly prepared from kidney tissues of two males and two females. Conventional staining and Ag-NOR banding techniques were applied to stain the chromosomes. The results shown that diploid chromosome number of <em>T. somphongsi </em>was 2<em>n</em>=50, the fundamental numbers (NF) were 92 in both male and female. The types chromosomes consisted of 10 metacentric, 20 submetacentric, 12 acrocentric and 8 telocentric chromosomes. The result also exhibited that the interstitial nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) were clearly observed at the short arm of chromosome pair 2. The karyotype formula could be deduced as: 2<em>n</em> (diploid) 50=10m+20sm+12a+8t<em>.</em></p>Surachest AiumsumangChavalit VidthayanonSitthi KulabtongAlongklod TanomtongSumalee Phimphan
Copyright (c) 2023 Surachest Aiumsumang, Chavalit Vidthayanon, Sitthi Kulabtong, Alongklod Tanomtong, Sumalee Phimphan
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2024-03-152024-03-157643810.36253/caryologia-2439Evaluation of the evolutionary process within Populus caspica species from Hyrcanian forests by karyotype analysis
https://riviste.fupress.net/index.php/caryologia/article/view/2295
<p class="p1">Caspian poplar (<em>Populus caspica</em> Bornm.) is distributed exclusively in the Hyrcanian forests. Hyrcanian forests are the final remnants of Tertiary temperate deciduous forests in Western Eurasia and worldwide. This species plays a significant ecological role in the protection of the natural environment in Hyrcanian forests. In this research, chromosome number and karyotype details of 11 populations of the species were investigated for the first time, using fresh root cuttings collected from mature trees in different parts of the forest, located in the northern parts of Iran. Pre-treatment, fixation, hydrolyzing, and staining were conducted by α-bromonaphthalene, carnoy’s solution, 1N HCl, and hematoxylin agent, respectively. Chromosomal data were analyzed according to a nested model based on a completely randomized design. Chromosome numbers of all of the populations were the same as 2<em>n </em>= 38, which mostly were medium region and sub-metacentric types. Significant differences were observed between the provinces and populations, based on chromosome length grand means, arm ratios and centromere indices. The results demonstrated that structural rearrangement has occurred within the studied populations and indicated an active evolutionary process within and between populations of the species due to natural hybridization. Also, these results showed that artificial inter-specific hybridization between the <em>P. caspica</em> and its relative species can be employed to broaden the ecological zone of the species.</p>Fereshteh Asadi-CoromFarhad AsadiHossein Mirzaie-Nodoushan
Copyright (c) 2023 Fereshteh Asadi-Corom, Farhad Asadi, Hossein Mirzaie-Nodoushan
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2024-03-152024-03-1576491410.36253/caryologia-2295Chromosomal and genome size variations in Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) from Afghanistan
https://riviste.fupress.net/index.php/caryologia/article/view/1955
<p class="p1"><span class="s1">The genus<em> Papaver </em>classified in the Papaveraceae family, is a valuable, non-alternative medicinal plant which has illustrated a massive variety of pharmacologically important alkaloids. Chromosomal and monoploid genome size diversity of seven populations collected from different districts of Balkh Province in northern parts of Afghanistan were studied. All populations were diploid, six of which (P1-P6) had 22 chromosomes, while P7 had 20 larger chromosomes. The mean chromosome length (CL) of P1-P6 populations was 1.32 μm (0.91-1.74 μm), but that of P7 population was 2.24 μm. The results of flow cytometric analysis showed that the mean monoploid 2Cx DNA of P1-P6 populations was 5.701 pg (5.574-5.901 pg), whereas that of P7 population was 5.795 pg, confirming intraspecific variation. This study is being reported for the first time from the northern part of Afghanistan’s opium cultivation area, and P7 population is also being reported for the first time in terms of chromosome number. Valuable information on Cytogenetics can be used in some research fields, including polygenetic analysis, taxonomic relationships, evolutionary characteristics, and plant breeding. </span></p>Sayed Zia RasekhGhasem Karimzadeh
Copyright (c) 2023 Ghasem Karimzadeh, Sayed Zia Rasekh
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2024-03-152024-03-15764152210.36253/caryologia-1955Karyological analyses in several Algerian populations of six species of the genus Vicia L. (Fabaceae)
https://riviste.fupress.net/index.php/caryologia/article/view/1924
<p class="p1">As part of the evaluation and valorization of plant genetic resources of fodder and pastoral interest in Algeria, seventeen (17) natural populations belonging to six (06) species of the genus <em>Vicia</em> (<em>Vicia sativa</em>, <em>Vicia disperma</em>, <em>Vicia monardii</em>, <em>Vicia ohchroleuca</em>, <em>Vicia onobrychioides </em>and <em>Vicia lutea</em>), originated from different ecological regions in the North-Eastern of the country, were considered. The populations have been the subject of mitotic and meiotic studies. Haploid and diploid numbers and chromosome measurements were determined. Original results were observed for the first time in some species. In fact, chromosome counts have revealed some new chromosome numbers. The first number (2n=14, n=7) was observed in the endemic subspecies of Algeria, <em>V. ochroleuca subsp. atlantica</em> and in the species <em>Vicia onobrychioides</em>. The second number (n=6) was observed in the species <em>Vicia disperma</em>. Within <em>Vicia monardii</em>, the three new chromosome numbers, previously observed only in mitosis by our research team, were confirmed for the first time through the present meiosis study (n=6, 7 and 8), indicating that they are A type chromosomes. The base number x=7 is the most frequently observed number in the six <em>Vicia</em> species. The observed chromosome numbers would be related to some ecological factors (altitude, rainfall) of the origin environment of the populations. Chromosome measurements and established karyotypes were determined for the first time in <em>V. monardii</em>, <em>V. onobrychioides a</em>nd <em>V. ochroleuca subsp. atlantica</em>. Chromosome size and karyotype formula are variable among the studied species and subspecies. Karyotypes vary from symmetrical to asymmetrical and the intrachromosomal asymmetry is higher than interchromosomal one. The new cytogenetic data would contribute to a better understanding of the evolution mechanism of the species in the genus <em>Vicia</em> L.</p>Zahia SebkhiRachida IssolahNabila MelziHassina BenmouhoubMohamed Mefti
Copyright (c) 2023 Zahia SEBKHI, Rachida ISSOLAH, Nabila MELZI, Hassina BENMOUHOUB, Mohamed MEFTI
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2024-03-152024-03-15764233710.36253/caryologia-1924Cytogenotoxic and antimicrobial effects of Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) alcoholic extracts
https://riviste.fupress.net/index.php/caryologia/article/view/2389
<p class="p1">Due to their multifunctionality and the numerous fields of applicability, insects are extensively studied today for both their biomedical and nutritional properties. In the current study the cytogenotoxic and antimicrobial potential of ethanol and methanol extracts of <em>Nezara viridula</em> (Linnaeus 1758) was evaluated using the <em>Allium</em> test, respectively the disk diffusion test. A mitostimulatory effect of the extracts of <em>N. viridula</em> and a variation of the cytogenotoxic activity of the extracts in a gender-dependent manner was noticed. As well, significant variations of the mitotic index were determined through the type of solvent used and the concentration of the extracts. High frequency chromosomal aberrations and mitotic abnormalities were recorded with high concentration ethanolic extracts. Following the testing of four standard bacterial strains and two standard yeast strains, a slightly antimicrobial activity was observed when compared to control. The use of invasive species in such studies opens up new perspectives on the potential of organisms considered harmful.</p>Nicoleta Anca ŞuţanMircea BărbuceanuDaniela BarbuceanuIonica Deliu
Copyright (c) 2023 Daniela Barbuceanu, Anca Şuţan, Mircea Barbuceanu, Ionica Deliu
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2024-03-152024-03-15764394910.36253/caryologia-2389Apogamous Isoetes coromandelina L.f. (Isoetaceae) with asynaptic meiosis
https://riviste.fupress.net/index.php/caryologia/article/view/2222
<p class="p1">This cytological study on <em>Isoetes coromandelina</em> L.f (Isoetaceae) from Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, South India shows the presence of twenty two individual chromosomes along with a fragment (n=2n=22+1) during meiosis in megaspore mother cells without the presence of any bivalent. Cytomixis between two megaspores is very common, resulting in the formation of a high percentage of abortive spores. The present material is of an apogamous taxon with asynaptic Meiosis as reported by Abraham and Ninan from Kerala and Karnataka.</p>V. IrudayarajA. BenniaminS. Arokia Raj
Copyright (c) 2023 V. Irudayaraj, A. Benniamin, S. Arokia Raj
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2024-03-152024-03-15764515710.36253/caryologia-2222Evaluation of the antigenotoxic potential of fresh bovine whey in onion meristematic roots exposed to Quizalofop-P-tefuryl
https://riviste.fupress.net/index.php/caryologia/article/view/1925
<p class="p1">Whey is a protein complex derived from milk, being a functional food with multiple health benefits. In this paper, the antigenotoxic potential of fresh bovine whey (FBW) in onion (<em>Allium cepa</em>) meristematic roots exposed to Quizalofop-P-tefuryl (QPt) herbicide was evaluated using the <em>Allium</em> assay. Firstly, the <em>Allium cepa</em> meristematic roots obtained after a short germination of 24 hours in distilled water were subjected to a pre-treatment with FBW in three different concentrations (500, 1000 and 2000 µl/L) for 24 hours. After that, there was a post-treatment with QPt herbicide (100, 500 and 1000 µl/L), for another 24 hours. All variants were tested alongside a negative control (onion root tips in distilled water) and a positive control (onion root tips treated with 500 µl/L QPt). The genotoxic effects of QPt were observed in all treatment variants, through the low rate of mitosis and through the induction of a large number of chromosomal and nuclear abnormalities (bridges, laggards, rings and strap nuclei). On the other hand, the fresh bovine whey improved the mitotic activity and reduced the index of chromosomal aberrations in variable percentages, in all treatment variants. These results suggest the cytoprotective potential of FBW against the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the tested herbicide. Although the mechanism of antigenotoxicity is unknown, it seems plausible that the whey protein acts as a blocking agent by chemical or physical interaction with the QPt components. Nevertheless, additional studies are needed to determine with certainty this potential.</p>Florica ColăElena BonciuMugurel ColăNicoleta Anca Șuțan
Copyright (c) 2023 Florica Colă, Elena Bonciu, Mugurel Colă, Nicoleta Anca Șuțan
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2023-02-142023-02-14764596610.36253/caryologia-1925