Published 2024-06-01
Keywords
- Facial Nerve,
- Impedance Audiometry,
- Stapedial Reflex,
- Stapedium Muscle
Copyright (c) 2024 Niccolò Fagni, Ferdinando Paternostro, Jacopo Junio Valerio Branca, Lorenzo Salerni, Marco Mandalà
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Abstract
The Bell’s palsy was firstly described about two century ago by the neuroanatomist Charles Bell. This paralysis affects the VII cranial nerve and, up to date, the aetiology of the disease appears to be multifactorial. In the present manuscript, focusing on the anatomical structures related to the VII nerve, such as its the stapedial muscle innervation, we highlight the role of impedance testing as a helpful examination for the facial nerve function, together with its role as effective and safe prognosis in Bell’s palsy by the stapedial reflex.
References
- Eviston TJ, Croxson GR, Kennedy PG, Hadlock T, Krishnan AV. Bell's palsy: aetiology, clinical features and multidisciplinary care. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2015c; 86:1356-61.
- Baugh RF, Basura GJ, Ishii LE, Schwartz SR, Drumheller CM, Burkholder R, et al. Clinical Practice Guideline: Bell’s Palsy. Otolaryngol--head neck surg [Internet]. 2013 Nov [cited 2023 Sep 27];149(S3). Available from: https://aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1177/0194599813505967
- Faleiros MC. Importance of the stapedial reflex in the diagnosis of several pathologies. Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord). 2000;121:345-348.
- Yang FL, Wang B, Huang Y. The application of acoustic stapedial reflex in hearing screening of infants. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2016; 30:1168–70.
- Fournier P, Paquette S, Paleressompoulle D, Paolino F, Devèze A, Noreña A. Contraction of the stapedius and tensor tympani muscles explored by tympanometry and pressure measurement in the external auditory canal. Hear Res. 2022; 420:108509.
- Vakharia K, Vakharia K. Bell’s Palsy. Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America. 2016;24:1–10.
- Liden G. Impedance audiometry. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl. 1980; 89(5 Pt 2):53–8.
- Thomsen KA. The Origin of Impedance Audiometry. Acta Oto-Laryngologica. 1999; 119:163–5.
- Yamane M, Nomura Y. Analysis of Stapedial Reflex in Neuromuscular Diseases. ORL. 1984; 46:84–96.