Evaluation of the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of some heavy metals by use of Allium test

Authors

  • Ioan Sarac Banat’s University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” Timisoara, Romania
  • Elena Bonciu Department of Agricultural and Forestry Technology, University of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
  • Monica Butnariu Banat’s University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” Timisoara, Romania
  • Irina Petrescu Banat’s University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” Timisoara, Romania
  • Emilian Madosa Banat’s University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” Timisoara, Romania

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.13128/cayologia-256

Keywords:

genotoxicity, chromosomal aberrations, lead, mitotic index, nickel

Abstract

The present study aimed to evaluate the cytogenetic effects induced by heavy metals nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) to crop plants, using the Allium sativum (garlic) as a test plant. For this purpose, were used solutions of nickel nitrate - Ni(NO3)2 - and lead nitrate - Pb(NO3)2 - at concentrations of 50, 150 and 450 ppm for 72 hours, along with an untreated control variant immersed in plain water. The biological material was immersed from the beginning in the tested solutions. The results obtained showed a strong inhibitory effect of these heavy metals on the process of rhizogenesis, as well as a significant mitodepresive effect in the meristematic cells, both phenomena being correlated with increasing concentration of the tested solutions. At the same time, several types of chromosomal aberrations (c-mitosis, vagrants, star-anaphase, star-telophase, fragments, clumping, stickiness, bridges) have been recorded in all treatment variants. The presence of these chromosomal aberrations in all treatment variants indicates the aneugenic effects of nickel nitrate and lead nitrate in the meristematic cells of A. sativum. The results suggest the ecotoxicity potential of nickel and lead on plants even at low concentrations and confirm the suitability of A. sativum as a test plant for assessing the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of heavy metals to plants.

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Published

2019-12-05

How to Cite

Sarac, I., Bonciu, E., Butnariu, M., Petrescu, I., & Madosa, E. (2019). Evaluation of the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of some heavy metals by use of Allium test. Caryologia, 72(2), 37–43. https://doi.org/10.13128/cayologia-256

Issue

Vol. 72 No. 2 (2019)

Section

Articles

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