Karyotype studies on the genus Origanum L. (Lamiaceae) species and some hybrids defining homoploidy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13128/caryologia-579Keywords:
chromosome, hybrid, karyotype, Lamiaceae, OriganumAbstract
In this study, chromosome numbers and structures of some Origanum L. taxa growing in Turkey were identified. Using the Image Analysis System, the complements of plant accessions belonging to eight sections, namely Amaracus (Gleditsch) Vogel, Anatolicon Benth., Brevifilamentum Ietsw., Longitubus Ietsw., Chilocalyx (Briq.) Ietsw., Majorana (Miller) Ietsw., Origanum, and Prolaticorolla Ietsw. were determined, by classification with the cytogenetic method. The chromosome number of all taxa except O. sipyleum L. (2n = 28) and O. rotundifolium Boiss. (2n = 28) is 2n = 30. In addition, the hybrids and their parental species have 2n = 30 chromosome numbers. Also, the smallest chromosome length is 0.32 ?m in O. sipyleum. The largest chromosome length is 2.02 ?m in O. minutiflorum O.Schwarz & P.H.Davis. The smallest total haploid length is 10.08 ?m in O. vulgare subsp. hirtum (Link) A.Terracc. and the largest value is 22.00 ?m in O. haussknechtii Boiss. The smallest mean length is 0.33 ?m in O. vulgare L. subsp. hirtum and O. saccatum P.H.Davis. The largest mean length is 0.74 ?m in O. sipyleum L. The chromosome numbers obtained in this study support the speciation of Origanum members via homoploid hybridization. Finally, the somatic chromosome numbers of 10 taxa (including 2 hybrids), chromosome measurements of 22 taxa (including 2 hybrids), and ideograms of 19 taxa (including 2 hybrids) were for the first time performed in this study.
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References
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Bakha M, Faiz CA, Daoud M, Mtili NE, Aboukhalid K, Khiraoui A, Machon N, Siljak-Yakovlev S. 2017. Genome size and chromosome number for six taxa of Origanum genus from Morocco, Botany Letters. 164(4): 361-370.
Bal?m AG, Kesercio?lu T. 1998. Do?u Akdeniz bölgesinde yay?l?? gösteren baz? Origanum L. türleri üzerinde sitotaksonomik ara?t?rmalar. XIV. Ulusal Biyoloji Kongresi (7–10 Eylül 1998, Samsun) 1: 277-282.
Bir SS, Saggoo MIS. 1984. Cytological studies on the family Labiatae from Gharwal Himalayas. In: G.S. Paliwal (editor), The Vegetational Wealth of the Himalayas. pp. 471-482.
Chapman MA, Burke JM. 2007. Genetic divergence and hybrid speciation. Evolution 61: 1773-1780.
Chen YP, Zhao F, Peng H, Xiang CL, Funamoto T. 2018. Chromosome numbers of 24 taxa of Lamiaceae from Southwest China. Caryologia 71 (4) 298-306.
Contreras RN, Ruter JM (2011). Genome Size Estimates and Chromosome Numbers of Callicarpa L. (Lamiaceae). Hort Science. 46: 4 567-570.
Darlington CD, Wylie AP. 1955. Chromosome Atlas of Flowering Plants, George 2nd Ed Allen and Unwin, London. 134-155.
Davis PH, Tan K, Mill RR (eds). 1988. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 10 (suppl. 1). Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ Press.
Dirmenci T, Yaz?c? T, Özcan T, Çelenk S, Martin E. 2018a. A new species and a new natural hybrid of Origanum L. (Lamiaceae) from the west of Turkey, Turkish Journal of Botany 42: 73-90.
Dirmenci T, Özcan T, Yaz?c? T, Arabac? T, Martin E. 2018b. Morphological, cytological, palynological and molecular evidence on two new hybrids: an example of homoploidhybridization in Origanum (Lamiaceae). Phytotaxa 371: 145-167.
Dirmenci T, Özcan T, Açar M, Arabac? T, Yaz?c? T, Martin E. 2019. A rearranged homoploid hybrid species of Origanum (Lamiaceae): O. ×munzurense Kit Tan & Sorger. Botany Letters DOI: 10.1080/23818107.2019.1585283. (published online 01 Apr 2019).
Dobea C, Hahn B, Morawetz W. 1997. Chromosomenzahlen zur Gefässpflanzen-Flora Österreichs. Linzer Biol. Beitr. 29(1): 5-43.
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Fukui K. 1986. Standardization of karyotyping plant chromosomes by a newly developed chromosome image analyzing system (CHIAS). Theor. Appl. Genet. 72: 27-32.
Fukui K. 1998. Smallness: gain and loss in chromosome research. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 81: 105.
Fukui K, Iijima K. 1991. Somatic chromosome map of rice by imaging methods. Theor. Appl. Genet. 81: 589-596.
Gill LS. 1970. Cytological observations on West-Himalayan Labiatae: Tribe. Stachydeae. Phytologia 27: 177-184.
Gill LS. 1981. Chromosomal evolution and incidence of polyploidy in the Canadian Labiatae. Rev. Cytol. Biol. Vég., Bot. 4: 331-339.
Gill LS. 1981a. Biosystematics of the tribe Satureineae (Labiatae) in Canada I. Cytologia 46: 45-55.
Gill LS. 1984. The Incidence of Polyplody in the West- Himalayan Labiatae, Revue de Cytologie et de Biologie Végétales, le Botaniste, 7, 5-16.
Goldblatt P. 2007. The Index to Plant Chromosome Numbers-Past and future. Taxon 56: 984-986.
Goldblatt P, Johnson DE. 1979-2017. Index to plant chromosome numbers. St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden.
Goulet BE, Roda F, Hopkins R. 2017. Hybridization in Plants: Old Ideas, New Techniques, Plant Physiology, 173: 65-78.
Govaerts R, Paton A, Harvey Y, Navarro T, Del Rosario Garcia Pena M. 2013. World Checklist of Lamiaceae. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Website: www. kew.org/wcsp/ [accessed on 25 February 2013].
Guerra M. 2008. Chromosome numbers in plant cytotaxonomy: Concepts and implications. Cytogenet. Genome Res. 120:339-350.
Harley RM, Brighton CA. 1977. Chromosome numbers in the genus Mentha L. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 74: 71-96.
Harley RM, Atkins S, Budantsev AL, Cantino PD, Conn BJ, Grayer R, Harley MM, De Kok R, Krestovskaja T, Morales R, Paton A, Ryding O, Upson T. 2004. Labiatae. In: Kadereit JW, ed. The families and genera of vascular plants, Vol. VII. -flowering plants: dicotyledons (Lamiales except Acanthaceae including Avicenniaceae). Berlin and Heidelberg: Springer Verlag, pp. 167-275.
Ietswaart JH. 1980. A taxonomic revision of the genus Origanum (Labiatae). Netherlands: Leiden University Press.
Ietswaart JH. 1982. Origanum L. In: Davis PH (ed), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 7. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ Press, pp. 297-313.
Iijima K, Kakeda K, Fukui K. 1991. Identification and characterization of somatic rice chromosomes by imaging methods. Theor. Appl. Genet. 81: 597-605.
Jalas J, Kaleva K. 1967. Chromosome studies in Thymus L. (Labiatae). V. Ann. Bot. Fennici 4: 74-80.
Khatoon S, Ali SI. 1993. Chromosome Atlas of the Angiosperms of Pakistan. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi.
K?t?k? A. 1997. Status of cultivation and use of oregano in Turkey. S. Padulosi, (Ed.). Oregano, Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized neglected crops. (s.121-131). 14. Proceedings of the IPGRI International Workshop on Oregano: 8-12 May 1996-CIHEAM, Valenzano (Bari), Italy. Rome, Italy: International Plant Genetic Resources Institute.
Krasnikov AA, Schaulo DN. 1990. Chromosome numbers in representatives of some families of vascular plants in the flora of the Novosibirsk region. II. Bot. Žhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 75: 118-120.
Levan A, Freda K, Sandberg AA. 1964. Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes. Hereditas 52: 201-220.
Levin DA, Wilson AC. 1976. Rates of evolution in seed plants: Net increase in diversity of chromosome numbers and species numbers through time. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73: 2086-2090.
Lövkvist B, Hultgård UM. 1999. Chromosome numbers in south Swedish vascular plants. Opera Bot. 137: 1-42.
Mabberley DJ. 1997. The plant book. 2 nd. ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 611.
Magulaev AV. 1984. Cytotaxonomic study in some flowering plants of the North Caucasus. Bot. Zhurn. SSSR 69(4): 511-517.
Markova M, Goranova V. 1995. Mediterranean chromosome number reports 5 (435–473). Fl. Medit. 5: 289-317.
Martin E, Çetin Ö, Dirmenci T, Ay H. 2011. Karyological studies of Clinopodium L. (Sect. Pseudomelissa) and Micromeria Benth. s. str. (Lamiaceae) from Turkey. Caryologia 64 (4): 398-404.
Martin E, Dirmenci T, Arabac? T, Akçiçek E. 2016. Chromosome numbers of some species of the genus Origanum in Turkey. Symposium on EuroAsian Biodiversity, 541, Antalya, Turkey.
Mehra PN, Bawa KS. 1972. Cytogenetical evolution of hardwoods. Nucleus 15: 64-83.
Miura N, Iwatsubo Y, Naruhashi N. 2005. Chromosome numbers of five species of Lamium (Labiatae ) in Japan. Journal of Phytogeography and Taxonomy 53: 197-201.
Morton JK. 1962. Cytotaxonomic studies on the West African Labiatae. Journal of the Linnean Society of London. Botany 58(372): 231–283.
Ramsey J, Schemske DW. 1998. Pathways, mechanisms, and rates of polyploid formation in flowering plants. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 29: 467-501.
Rather AA, Banday A, Shabir PA, Nawchoo IA, Ganaie KA. 2018. Cytology and Pollination Biology of Lamiaceae: A Review. Research & Reviews. Journal of Botanical Sciences 7(2): 22-32.
Rice A, Glick L, Abadi S, Einhorn M, Kopelman NM, Salman-Minkov A, Mayzel J, Chay O, Mayrose I. 2015. The Chromosome Counts Database (CCDB) a community resource of plant chromosome numbers. New Phytol. 206(1): 19-26.
Saggoo MI. 1983. Cytomorphological studies on plants of economic importance of Bicarpellatae from India. Thesis Cell. Punjabi University, pp 259
Schumer M, Rosenthal GG, Andolfatto P. 2014. How common is homoploid hybrid speciation? Evolution 68: 1553-1560.
Singh TP. 1995. Alterations in the basic chromosome numbers as a means of speciation in Labiatae. Feddes Repert. Berlin 106: 39-47.
Stace CA. 1991. Plant taxonomy and biosystematics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Stebbins GL. 1947. Types of polyploids: their classification and signifi- cance. Adv Genet 1: 403-429.
Stepanov NV, Muratova EN. 1995. Chromosome numbers of some taxa of higher plants of Krasnoyarsk territory. Bot. Žhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 80(6): 114-116.
Strid A, Franzen R. 1981. In Chromosome number reports LXXIII. Taxon 30: 829-842.
Stuessy TF. 2009. Plant taxonomy: the systematic evaluation of comparative data. New York: Columbia University Press.
Vaarama A. 1949. Some chromosome numbers in the genera Angelica, Ocimum, Satureja, Thymus and Cnicus. Arch. Soc. Zool. Bot. Fenn. 55-59.
Wentworth JE, Bailey JP, Gornall RJ. 1991. Contributions to a cytological catalogue of the British and Irish flora. 1. Watsonia 18: 415-417.
Yakimowski SB, Rieseberg LH. 2014. The role of homoploid hybridization in evolution: a century of studies synthesizing genetics and ecology. Am J Bot 101: 1247-1258.
Y?ld?z K, Gücel S. 2006. Chromosome numbers of 16 endemic plant taxa from northern Cyprus. Türk Bot. Derg. 30: 181-192.
Ayyangar KR, Vembu B. 1985. Karyo-specific and karyo-generic affiliations amongst Mentha arvensis Benth., M. piperita Linn. and Origanum vulgare Linn. Proc. Indian Sci. Congr. Assoc. 72(3-VI): 127.
Bakha M, Faiz CA, Daoud M, Mtili NE, Aboukhalid K, Khiraoui A, Machon N, Siljak-Yakovlev S. 2017. Genome size and chromosome number for six taxa of Origanum genus from Morocco, Botany Letters. 164(4): 361-370.
Bal?m AG, Kesercio?lu T. 1998. Do?u Akdeniz bölgesinde yay?l?? gösteren baz? Origanum L. türleri üzerinde sitotaksonomik ara?t?rmalar. XIV. Ulusal Biyoloji Kongresi (7–10 Eylül 1998, Samsun) 1: 277-282.
Bir SS, Saggoo MIS. 1984. Cytological studies on the family Labiatae from Gharwal Himalayas. In: G.S. Paliwal (editor), The Vegetational Wealth of the Himalayas. pp. 471-482.
Chapman MA, Burke JM. 2007. Genetic divergence and hybrid speciation. Evolution 61: 1773-1780.
Chen YP, Zhao F, Peng H, Xiang CL, Funamoto T. 2018. Chromosome numbers of 24 taxa of Lamiaceae from Southwest China. Caryologia 71 (4) 298-306.
Contreras RN, Ruter JM (2011). Genome Size Estimates and Chromosome Numbers of Callicarpa L. (Lamiaceae). Hort Science. 46: 4 567-570.
Darlington CD, Wylie AP. 1955. Chromosome Atlas of Flowering Plants, George 2nd Ed Allen and Unwin, London. 134-155.
Davis PH, Tan K, Mill RR (eds). 1988. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 10 (suppl. 1). Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ Press.
Dirmenci T, Yaz?c? T, Özcan T, Çelenk S, Martin E. 2018a. A new species and a new natural hybrid of Origanum L. (Lamiaceae) from the west of Turkey, Turkish Journal of Botany 42: 73-90.
Dirmenci T, Özcan T, Yaz?c? T, Arabac? T, Martin E. 2018b. Morphological, cytological, palynological and molecular evidence on two new hybrids: an example of homoploidhybridization in Origanum (Lamiaceae). Phytotaxa 371: 145-167.
Dirmenci T, Özcan T, Açar M, Arabac? T, Yaz?c? T, Martin E. 2019. A rearranged homoploid hybrid species of Origanum (Lamiaceae): O. ×munzurense Kit Tan & Sorger. Botany Letters DOI: 10.1080/23818107.2019.1585283. (published online 01 Apr 2019).
Dobea C, Hahn B, Morawetz W. 1997. Chromosomenzahlen zur Gefässpflanzen-Flora Österreichs. Linzer Biol. Beitr. 29(1): 5-43.
Duman H. 2000. Origanum L. In: Güner A, Özhatay N, Ekim T, Ba?er KHC, editors. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Suppl. 2), Vol. 11. Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press.
Fehr WR. 1991. in Principles of cultivar development: Theory and technique, Polyploidy, ed Fehr W.R. (Macmillan, New York, NY), Vol. 1, pp 59-65.
Fukui K. 1986. Standardization of karyotyping plant chromosomes by a newly developed chromosome image analyzing system (CHIAS). Theor. Appl. Genet. 72: 27-32.
Fukui K. 1998. Smallness: gain and loss in chromosome research. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 81: 105.
Fukui K, Iijima K. 1991. Somatic chromosome map of rice by imaging methods. Theor. Appl. Genet. 81: 589-596.
Gill LS. 1970. Cytological observations on West-Himalayan Labiatae: Tribe. Stachydeae. Phytologia 27: 177-184.
Gill LS. 1981. Chromosomal evolution and incidence of polyploidy in the Canadian Labiatae. Rev. Cytol. Biol. Vég., Bot. 4: 331-339.
Gill LS. 1981a. Biosystematics of the tribe Satureineae (Labiatae) in Canada I. Cytologia 46: 45-55.
Gill LS. 1984. The Incidence of Polyplody in the West- Himalayan Labiatae, Revue de Cytologie et de Biologie Végétales, le Botaniste, 7, 5-16.
Goldblatt P. 2007. The Index to Plant Chromosome Numbers-Past and future. Taxon 56: 984-986.
Goldblatt P, Johnson DE. 1979-2017. Index to plant chromosome numbers. St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden.
Goulet BE, Roda F, Hopkins R. 2017. Hybridization in Plants: Old Ideas, New Techniques, Plant Physiology, 173: 65-78.
Govaerts R, Paton A, Harvey Y, Navarro T, Del Rosario Garcia Pena M. 2013. World Checklist of Lamiaceae. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Website: www. kew.org/wcsp/ [accessed on 25 February 2013].
Guerra M. 2008. Chromosome numbers in plant cytotaxonomy: Concepts and implications. Cytogenet. Genome Res. 120:339-350.
Harley RM, Brighton CA. 1977. Chromosome numbers in the genus Mentha L. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 74: 71-96.
Harley RM, Atkins S, Budantsev AL, Cantino PD, Conn BJ, Grayer R, Harley MM, De Kok R, Krestovskaja T, Morales R, Paton A, Ryding O, Upson T. 2004. Labiatae. In: Kadereit JW, ed. The families and genera of vascular plants, Vol. VII. -flowering plants: dicotyledons (Lamiales except Acanthaceae including Avicenniaceae). Berlin and Heidelberg: Springer Verlag, pp. 167-275.
Ietswaart JH. 1980. A taxonomic revision of the genus Origanum (Labiatae). Netherlands: Leiden University Press.
Ietswaart JH. 1982. Origanum L. In: Davis PH (ed), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 7. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ Press, pp. 297-313.
Iijima K, Kakeda K, Fukui K. 1991. Identification and characterization of somatic rice chromosomes by imaging methods. Theor. Appl. Genet. 81: 597-605.
Jalas J, Kaleva K. 1967. Chromosome studies in Thymus L. (Labiatae). V. Ann. Bot. Fennici 4: 74-80.
Khatoon S, Ali SI. 1993. Chromosome Atlas of the Angiosperms of Pakistan. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi.
K?t?k? A. 1997. Status of cultivation and use of oregano in Turkey. S. Padulosi, (Ed.). Oregano, Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized neglected crops. (s.121-131). 14. Proceedings of the IPGRI International Workshop on Oregano: 8-12 May 1996-CIHEAM, Valenzano (Bari), Italy. Rome, Italy: International Plant Genetic Resources Institute.
Krasnikov AA, Schaulo DN. 1990. Chromosome numbers in representatives of some families of vascular plants in the flora of the Novosibirsk region. II. Bot. Žhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 75: 118-120.
Levan A, Freda K, Sandberg AA. 1964. Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes. Hereditas 52: 201-220.
Levin DA, Wilson AC. 1976. Rates of evolution in seed plants: Net increase in diversity of chromosome numbers and species numbers through time. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73: 2086-2090.
Lövkvist B, Hultgård UM. 1999. Chromosome numbers in south Swedish vascular plants. Opera Bot. 137: 1-42.
Mabberley DJ. 1997. The plant book. 2 nd. ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 611.
Magulaev AV. 1984. Cytotaxonomic study in some flowering plants of the North Caucasus. Bot. Zhurn. SSSR 69(4): 511-517.
Markova M, Goranova V. 1995. Mediterranean chromosome number reports 5 (435–473). Fl. Medit. 5: 289-317.
Martin E, Çetin Ö, Dirmenci T, Ay H. 2011. Karyological studies of Clinopodium L. (Sect. Pseudomelissa) and Micromeria Benth. s. str. (Lamiaceae) from Turkey. Caryologia 64 (4): 398-404.
Martin E, Dirmenci T, Arabac? T, Akçiçek E. 2016. Chromosome numbers of some species of the genus Origanum in Turkey. Symposium on EuroAsian Biodiversity, 541, Antalya, Turkey.
Mehra PN, Bawa KS. 1972. Cytogenetical evolution of hardwoods. Nucleus 15: 64-83.
Miura N, Iwatsubo Y, Naruhashi N. 2005. Chromosome numbers of five species of Lamium (Labiatae ) in Japan. Journal of Phytogeography and Taxonomy 53: 197-201.
Morton JK. 1962. Cytotaxonomic studies on the West African Labiatae. Journal of the Linnean Society of London. Botany 58(372): 231–283.
Ramsey J, Schemske DW. 1998. Pathways, mechanisms, and rates of polyploid formation in flowering plants. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 29: 467-501.
Rather AA, Banday A, Shabir PA, Nawchoo IA, Ganaie KA. 2018. Cytology and Pollination Biology of Lamiaceae: A Review. Research & Reviews. Journal of Botanical Sciences 7(2): 22-32.
Rice A, Glick L, Abadi S, Einhorn M, Kopelman NM, Salman-Minkov A, Mayzel J, Chay O, Mayrose I. 2015. The Chromosome Counts Database (CCDB) a community resource of plant chromosome numbers. New Phytol. 206(1): 19-26.
Saggoo MI. 1983. Cytomorphological studies on plants of economic importance of Bicarpellatae from India. Thesis Cell. Punjabi University, pp 259
Schumer M, Rosenthal GG, Andolfatto P. 2014. How common is homoploid hybrid speciation? Evolution 68: 1553-1560.
Singh TP. 1995. Alterations in the basic chromosome numbers as a means of speciation in Labiatae. Feddes Repert. Berlin 106: 39-47.
Stace CA. 1991. Plant taxonomy and biosystematics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Stebbins GL. 1947. Types of polyploids: their classification and signifi- cance. Adv Genet 1: 403-429.
Stepanov NV, Muratova EN. 1995. Chromosome numbers of some taxa of higher plants of Krasnoyarsk territory. Bot. Žhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 80(6): 114-116.
Strid A, Franzen R. 1981. In Chromosome number reports LXXIII. Taxon 30: 829-842.
Stuessy TF. 2009. Plant taxonomy: the systematic evaluation of comparative data. New York: Columbia University Press.
Vaarama A. 1949. Some chromosome numbers in the genera Angelica, Ocimum, Satureja, Thymus and Cnicus. Arch. Soc. Zool. Bot. Fenn. 55-59.
Wentworth JE, Bailey JP, Gornall RJ. 1991. Contributions to a cytological catalogue of the British and Irish flora. 1. Watsonia 18: 415-417.
Yakimowski SB, Rieseberg LH. 2014. The role of homoploid hybridization in evolution: a century of studies synthesizing genetics and ecology. Am J Bot 101: 1247-1258.
Y?ld?z K, Gücel S. 2006. Chromosome numbers of 16 endemic plant taxa from northern Cyprus. Türk Bot. Derg. 30: 181-192.
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2020-04-27
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Martin, E., Dirmenci, T., Arabaci, T., Yazici, T., & Özcan, T. (2020). Karyotype studies on the genus Origanum L. (Lamiaceae) species and some hybrids defining homoploidy. Caryologia, 73(2), 127–143. https://doi.org/10.13128/caryologia-579
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