Gli Archivi Digitali e l'Antropologia Virtuale. Ricostruzione 3D di un cranio umano mediante la moderna tecnica della Fotogrammetria

Abstract

Modern digital archives mainly thanks to recent developments in 3D modelling by TAC, Laser Scanner and Photogrammetry are highy useful for easily storing and exchanging large amounts of data for both qualitative and quantitative studies. Photogrammetry is a versatile and inexpensive technique that starting from one or more sets of 2D digital images allows for high-resolution 3D models to be built. The protocol reported here allows users with different backgrounds to easily and quickly built accurate models of human skulls using minimal and inexpensive equipment by simply modifying only some of the default settings of the Agisoft-Metashape software. The photo acquisition and the workflow of the software (fundamental steps of photogrammetry) are treated separately to provide a systematic method. The main advantages of this method are: the low number of images needed for a total coverage of the skull, the processing speed and the model accuracy by using only four markers positioned on the skull, as a reference to join the two sets of photos.