Colchicine induced manifestation of abnormal male meiosis and 2n pollen in Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague (Apiaceae)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1113Keywords:
unreduced gametes, 2n pollen, polyploidy, colchicine, meiotic aberrations, Trachyspermum ammi (L.) SpragueAbstract
Unreduced gametes are the key source for the natural polyploidization in plants, but rate of its formation is very low in nature. Meiotic mutants are second source for the formation of 2n pollen. In this cytological investigation, the meiotic aberrations and its impact on post-meiotic products were analysed in autotetraploid Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague (4n=36). The seedlings of T. ammi (L.) Sprague were treated with 3 different concentrations of colchicine (0.2, 0.4 and 0.5%, w/v) for 3 different durations. Six polyploid plants were induced which was confirmed on the basis of cytological analysis. Colchicine, an anti-microtubular drug induced different meiotic and post-meiotic abnormalities such as chromosomal bridges, lagging chromosomes, scattering, precocious, fragments, dyads, triads, and polyads. The formation of several abnormal sporads clearly signifies the meiotic restitution. The tendency of univalents to scattered in the cytoplasm at metaphase was identified as a peculiar aberration asynapsis. Pollen variability and fusion of pollen walls was reported and pollen fertility was calculated. The morphological analysis of the pollen allowed us to confirm the occurrence of 2n pollen.
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References
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Lim K, Ramanna M, De Jong J, Jacobsen E, Van Tuyl J. 2001. Indeterminate meiotic restitution (IMR): a novel type of meiotic nuclear restitution mechanism detected in interspecific lily hybrids by GISH. Theor Appl Genet. 103:219–230.
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Lo A, Sabatier L, Fouladi B, Pottier L, Ricoul M, Murnane JP. 2002. DNA amplification by breakage/fusion/bridge cycles initiated by spontaneous telomere loss in a human cancer cell line. Neoplasia. 4:531–538.
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McCormick S. 2004. Control of male gametophyte development. The Plant Cell. 16:S142–S153.
Mok D, Peloquin S. 1975. Three mechanisms of 2n pollen formation in diploid potatoes. Can J Genet Cytol. 17:217–225.
Müntzing A. 1936. The chromosomes of a grant Populus tremula. Hereditas 21:383–393
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Noori SAS, Norouzi M, Karimzadeh G, Shirkool K, Niazian M. 2017. Effect of colchicine-induced polyploidy on morphological characteristics and essential oil composition of ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.). Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture. 130:543-551.
Peloquin SJ, Boiteux LS, Carputo D. 1999. Meiotic mutants in potato: valuable variants. Genetics. 153:1493-1499.
Ramanna MS, Jacobsen E. 2003. Relevance of sexual polyploidization for crop improvement-a review. Euphytica 133: 3–18.
Ramsey J, Schemske D. 1998. Pathway, mechanisms, and rates on polyploid formation in flowering plant. Annu Rev Ecol Syst. 29:467–501.
Ravi M, Marimuthu MPA, Siddiqi I. 2008. Gamete formation without meiosis in Arabidopsis. Nature. 451:1121–1124.
Ross KJ, Fransz P, Armstrong SJ, Vizir I, Mulligan B, Franklin FCH, Jones GH. 1997. Cytological characterization of four meiotic mutants of Arabidopsis isolated from T-DNA-transformed lines. Chromosome Research. 5:551–559.
Silva N, Mendes-Bonato A, Sales J, Pagliarini M. 2011. Meiotic behavior and pollen viability in Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae) cultivated in southern Brazil. Genet Mol Res. 10:1728–1732.
Stebbins GL Jr. 1950. Variation and evolution in plants. New York: Columbia University Press.
Sybenga J. 1996. Chromosome pairing affinity and quadrivalent formation in polyploids: do segmental allopolyploids exist? Genome. 39:1176-1184.
Tang X, Luo Z. 2002. Cytology of 2n pollen formation in nonastringent persimmon. Sci Agric Sin. 35:585–588.
Udall JA, Wendel JF. 2006. Polyploidy and crop improvement. The Plant Genome—A Supplement to Crop Science. 1:S3–S14.
Vaughn K, Lehnen L. 1991. Mitotic disrupter herbicides. Weed Sci. 39:450–457.
Veilleux R. 1985. Diploid and polyploid gametes in crop plants: Mechanisms of formation and utilization in plant breeding. Plant Breed Rev. 3 253–288.
Zhang J, Wei Z, Li D, Li B. 2009. Using SSR markers to study the mechanism of 2n pollen formation in Populus euramericana (Dode) Guinier and P. popularis. Ann For Sci. 66:1–10.
Zhang P, Kang X. 2013. Occurrence and cytological mechanism of numerically unreduced pollen in diploid Populus euphratica. Silvae Genetica. 62:285-291.
Zhang Z, KANG X. 2010. Cytological characteristics of numerically unreduced pollen production in Populus tomentosa Carr. Euphytica. 173:151–159.
Zheng YZ, Roseman RR, Carlson WR. 1999. Time course study of the chromosome-type breakage fusion bridge cycle in maize. Genetics. 153:1435–1444.
Zlesak DC, Thill CA, Anderson NO. 2005. Trifluralin-mediated polyploidization of Rosa chinensis minima (Sims) Voss seedlings. Euphytica. 141:281–290.
Azumi Y, Liu D, Zhao D, Li W, Wang G, Hu Y, Ma H. 2002. Homolog interaction during meiotic prophase I in Arabidopsis requires the SOLO DANCERS gene encoding a novel cyclin-like protein. EMBO Journal. 21:3081–3095.
Bai X, Peirson BN, Dong F, Xue C, Makaroff CA. 1999. Isolation and characterization of SYN1, a RAD21-like gene essential for meiosis in Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell. 11:417–430.
Bajer A. 1964. Cine-micrographic studies on dicentric chromosomes. Chromosoma 15:630–651.
Bhatt AM, Lister C, Page T, Fransz P, Findlay K, Jones GH, Dickinson HG, Dean C. 1999. The DIF1 gene of Arabidopsis is required for meiotic chromosome segregation and belongs to the REC8/RAD21 cohesion gene family. The Plant Journal. 19:463–472.
Bosco SF, Tusa N, Conicella C. 1999. Microsporogenesis in a citrus interespecific tetraploid somatic hybrid and its fusion parents. Heredity. 83:373-377.
Bretagnolle F, Thompson J. 1995. Gametes with the somatic chromosome number: mechanisms of their formation and role in the evolution of autopolyploid plants. New Phytol. 129:1–22.
Brownfield L, Köhler C. 2011. Unreduced gamete formation in plants: mechanisms and Prospects. Journal of Experimental Botany. 62:1659–1668.
Caetano-Pereira CM, Pagliarini MS, Brasil EM. 1999. Cell fusion and chromatin degeneration in an inbred line of maize. Genet Mol Biol. 22:69-72.
Caryl AP, Armstrong SJ, Jones GH, Franklin FCH. 2000. A homologue of the yeast HOP1 gene is inactivated in the Arabidopsis meiotic mutant asy1. Chromosoma. 109:62–71.
Couteau F, Belzile F, Horlow C, Grandjean O, Vezon D, Doutriaux MP. 1999. Random chromosome segregation without meiotic arrest in both male and female meiocytes of a dmc1 mutant of Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell. 11:1623–1634.
Dalkani M, Hassani A, Darvishzadeh R. 2012. Determination of the genetic variation in Ajowan (Carum Copticum L.) populations using multivariate statistical techniques. Rev Ciênc Agron. 43:698–705.
De Muyt A, Pereira L, Vezon D, Chelysheva L, Gendrot G, Chambon A, et al. 2009. A high throughput genetic screen identifies new early meiotic recombination functions in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS Genetics. 5:e1000654.
Dewitte A, Van Laere K, Van Huylenbroeck J. 2012. Use of 2n Gametes in Plant Breeding. Ed. Dr. Ibrokhim Abdurakhmonov. ISBN: 978-953-307-932-5.
Dhooghe E, Grunewald W, Leus L, Van Labeke MC. 2009. In vitro polyploidisation of Helleborus species. Euphytica. 165:89–95.
Dwivedi H, Kumar G. 2018. Induced syncyte formation via cytomixis in Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague (Apiaceae). Caryologia. 71:420-427.
Dwivedi H. 2016. Cytogenetic impact of environmental stresses in Trachyspermum ammi L. (thesis) University of Allahabad.
Ferris C, Robert S, Callow, Gray AJ. 1992. Mixed first and second division restitution in male meiosis of Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv (Holy Grass). Heredity 69:21-3.
Fouladi B, Sabatier L, Miller D, Pottier G, Murnane JP. 2000. The relationship between spontaneous telomere loss and chromosome instability in a human turner cell line. Neoplasia. 2: 540–554.
Golubovskaya IN. 1989. Meiosis in maize: mei genes and conception of genetic control of meiosis. Advances in Genetics. 26:149-192.
Gottschalk and Kaul MLH. 1980a. Asynapsis and desynapsis in flowering plants. I. Asynapsis. Nucleus 23:1–15.
Gottschalk and Kaul MLH. 1980b. Asynapsis and desynapsis in flowering plants. II. Desynapsis. Nucleus. 23:97–120.
Grelon M, Vezon D, Gendrot G, Pelletier G. 2001. AtSPO11-1 is necessary for efficient meiotic recombination in plants. EMBO Journal. 20:589–600.
Hancock J. 1997. The colchicine story. HortScience. 32:1011–1012.
Harbard JL, Griffin AR, Foster S, Brooker C, Kha LD, Koutoulis A. 2012. Production of colchicine-induced autotetraploids as a basis for sterility breeding in Acacia mangium Willd. Forestry. 85:427–436.
Hermsen J. 1984. Mechanisms and genetic implications of 2n-gametes formation. Iowa State J Res. 58:421–434.
Kiihl PRP, Pereir ARA, De Godoy SM, Colauto Stenzel NM, Isso-Pascotto C. 2011. Chromosome stickiness during meiotic behavior analysis of Passiflora serrato-digitata L. (Passifloraceae), Ciência Rural. Santa Maria. 41:1018-1023.
Kumar G, Dwivedi H. 2017. Induced Autotetraploidy in Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague (Apiaceae). Cytology and Genetics. 51:391–400.
Kumar G, Rai P. 2007. Asynaptic Variations in Induced Autotetraploid of Soybean. Cytologia. 72:23–27.
Levan A. 1939. The effect of colchicine on root mitosis in Allium. Hereditas. 1939. 24:471–486.
Lim K, Ramanna M, De Jong J, Jacobsen E, Van Tuyl J. 2001. Indeterminate meiotic restitution (IMR): a novel type of meiotic nuclear restitution mechanism detected in interspecific lily hybrids by GISH. Theor Appl Genet. 103:219–230.
Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Q, Wu J, Zhang P. 2019. Colchicine did not affect the viability of induced 2n pollen in Populus tomentosa. Silva Fennica. 53:1-13.
Lo A, Sabatier L, Fouladi B, Pottier L, Ricoul M, Murnane JP. 2002. DNA amplification by breakage/fusion/bridge cycles initiated by spontaneous telomere loss in a human cancer cell line. Neoplasia. 4:531–538.
Ma H. 2006. A molecular portrait of Arabidopsis meiosis. In: Somerville CR, Meyerowitz EM, Dangl J, Stitt M, Rockville MD, eds. The Arabidopsis book. Rockville, MD: American Society of Plant Biologistsdoi. 10.1199/tab.0095.
McCormick S. 2004. Control of male gametophyte development. The Plant Cell. 16:S142–S153.
Mok D, Peloquin S. 1975. Three mechanisms of 2n pollen formation in diploid potatoes. Can J Genet Cytol. 17:217–225.
Müntzing A. 1936. The chromosomes of a grant Populus tremula. Hereditas 21:383–393
Nilsson-Ehle H. 1936. Note regarding the gigas form of Populus tremula found in nature. Hereditas. 21:372–382.
Noori SAS, Norouzi M, Karimzadeh G, Shirkool K, Niazian M. 2017. Effect of colchicine-induced polyploidy on morphological characteristics and essential oil composition of ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.). Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture. 130:543-551.
Peloquin SJ, Boiteux LS, Carputo D. 1999. Meiotic mutants in potato: valuable variants. Genetics. 153:1493-1499.
Ramanna MS, Jacobsen E. 2003. Relevance of sexual polyploidization for crop improvement-a review. Euphytica 133: 3–18.
Ramsey J, Schemske D. 1998. Pathway, mechanisms, and rates on polyploid formation in flowering plant. Annu Rev Ecol Syst. 29:467–501.
Ravi M, Marimuthu MPA, Siddiqi I. 2008. Gamete formation without meiosis in Arabidopsis. Nature. 451:1121–1124.
Ross KJ, Fransz P, Armstrong SJ, Vizir I, Mulligan B, Franklin FCH, Jones GH. 1997. Cytological characterization of four meiotic mutants of Arabidopsis isolated from T-DNA-transformed lines. Chromosome Research. 5:551–559.
Silva N, Mendes-Bonato A, Sales J, Pagliarini M. 2011. Meiotic behavior and pollen viability in Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae) cultivated in southern Brazil. Genet Mol Res. 10:1728–1732.
Stebbins GL Jr. 1950. Variation and evolution in plants. New York: Columbia University Press.
Sybenga J. 1996. Chromosome pairing affinity and quadrivalent formation in polyploids: do segmental allopolyploids exist? Genome. 39:1176-1184.
Tang X, Luo Z. 2002. Cytology of 2n pollen formation in nonastringent persimmon. Sci Agric Sin. 35:585–588.
Udall JA, Wendel JF. 2006. Polyploidy and crop improvement. The Plant Genome—A Supplement to Crop Science. 1:S3–S14.
Vaughn K, Lehnen L. 1991. Mitotic disrupter herbicides. Weed Sci. 39:450–457.
Veilleux R. 1985. Diploid and polyploid gametes in crop plants: Mechanisms of formation and utilization in plant breeding. Plant Breed Rev. 3 253–288.
Zhang J, Wei Z, Li D, Li B. 2009. Using SSR markers to study the mechanism of 2n pollen formation in Populus euramericana (Dode) Guinier and P. popularis. Ann For Sci. 66:1–10.
Zhang P, Kang X. 2013. Occurrence and cytological mechanism of numerically unreduced pollen in diploid Populus euphratica. Silvae Genetica. 62:285-291.
Zhang Z, KANG X. 2010. Cytological characteristics of numerically unreduced pollen production in Populus tomentosa Carr. Euphytica. 173:151–159.
Zheng YZ, Roseman RR, Carlson WR. 1999. Time course study of the chromosome-type breakage fusion bridge cycle in maize. Genetics. 153:1435–1444.
Zlesak DC, Thill CA, Anderson NO. 2005. Trifluralin-mediated polyploidization of Rosa chinensis minima (Sims) Voss seedlings. Euphytica. 141:281–290.
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2021-12-21
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Dwivedi, H., & Kumar, G. (2021). Colchicine induced manifestation of abnormal male meiosis and 2n pollen in Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague (Apiaceae). Caryologia, 74(3), 99–106. https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1113
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