Cytogenetic and molecular studies of the Egyptian Capsella bursa-pastoris (Brassicaceae)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13128/caryologia-867Keywords:
Capsella bursa-pastoris, cytogenetic studies, genotypes, karyotyping, molecular study, phenoplasticityAbstract
Capsella bursa-pastoris (Brassicaceae) is one of the most successful tetraploid species in the world. It showed high morphological diversity within Egyptian populations. The morphological investigations of herbarium specimens and fresh collected populations grouped them under three distinguished morphotypes (Lobed "L"; Simple "S" and Lobed-Simple "LS") depending mainly on the basal leaves structure. This high degree of phenotypic variation has received our critical attention. Until recently, the previous studies on C. bursa-pastoris attributed its phenotypic variation to environmental factors. But in Egypt, these three morphotypes were traced in mixed populations along with the species geographical range, so the environmental factors have no influence on their distribution or phenotypic variation. Accordingly, our primary concern in this study was to determine the factors controlling this variation. The cytogenetic studies revealed that the three identified morphotypes are three distinct genotypes with three different chromosome numbers: 2n=2x=16 (diploid) for "L"; 2n=3x=24 (triploid) for "S"; 2n=4x=32 (tetraploid) for "LS". The triploid genotype "S" showed rare occurrence among the studied populations and is postulated to be a hybrid newly recorded in Egypt. Karyotyping of the three genotypes showed significant differences in the genome and chromosomes relative lengths. Molecular study using cpSSR technique supported the cytogenetic results and differentiated the three studied genotypes. The retrieved results revealed that the phenotypic diversity within the Egyptian C. bursa-pastoris populations is genetically controlled.
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References
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Aksoy A, Dixon JM, Hale WH (1998). Biological flora of the British Isles. Capsella bursa- pastoris (L.) Medikus (Thlaspi bursa pastoris L., Bursa bursa-pastoris (L.) Shull, Bursa pastoris (L.) Weber). J Ecol 86: 171–186.
Aksoy A, Hale WH, Dixon JM (1999). Towards a simplified taxonomy of Capsella bursa- pastoris (L.) Medik. (Brassicaceae). Watsonia 22: 243–250
Allen JP, Insabella GM, Porter MR, Smith FD, Phillips NK (2006). A social-interactional model of the development of depressive symptoms in adolescence. J Consult Clin. Psychol. 74(1): 55–65. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.74.1.55
Almquist E (1929). Zur Artbildung in der freien Natur. Acta Horti Bergiani 9: 37–76.
Amer WM, Hassan RA, Abdo AS (2019). Phenoplasticity of the Egyptian Capsella bursa- pastoris (L.) Medik. morphotypes. Ann Agri Bio Res 24(2): 201-210.
Blanc G, Wolfe KH (2004). Functional divergence of duplicated genes formed by polyploidy during Arabidopsis evolution. Plant Cell 16: 1679–1691. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.021410
Bosbach K, Hurka H (1981). Biosystematic studies on Capsella bursa-pastoris (Brassicaceae): Enzyme polymorphism in natural populations. Plant Syst Evol 137: 73–94.
Boulos L (1999). Flora of Egypt, vol. 1 (Azollaceae – Oxalidaceae). Al Hadara publishing, Cairo, Egypt, pp. 228–230.
Bretagnolle F, Thompson JD (1995). Gametes with the somatic chromosome number: mechanisms of their formation and role in the evolution of autopolyploid plants. New Phytol 129: 1–22.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1995.tb03005.x
Castro SA, Espinosa C, Figueroa JA (2014). Two haplotypes of Capsella bursa-pastoris (Brassicaceae) in Continental Chile support multiple introduction. Gayana Bot 71(2): 216–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-66432014000200004.
Davis PH (1965) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vol. 1. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 343–344.
Devos KM, Brown JK, Bennetzen JL (2002). Genome size reduction through illegitimate recombination counteracts genome expansion in Arabidopsis. Genome Res 12: 1075– 1079. https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.132102
Doyle JJ, Doyle JL (1990) Isolation of plant DNA from fresh tissue. Focus 12: 13–15.
Guerra M (2008). Chromosome numbers in plant cytotaxonomy: concepts and implications. Cytogenet. Genome Res 120: 339–350. https://doi.org/10.1159/000121083
Han T, Wu Q, Hou X, Li Z, Zou Y, Ge S, Guo Y (2015). Frequent introgressions from
diploid species contribute to the adaptation of the tetraploid Shepherd’s Purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris). Mol Plant 8: 427–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2014.11.016
Holm LG, Pancho JV, Herberger JP, Plucknett DL (1979). A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. Wiley, New York, pp. 391.
Holmgren PK, Holmgren NH, Barnett LC (1990). Index Herbariorum, 8th edn. New York Botanical Gardens, New York, U.S.A.
Holzner W, Numata M (1982). Biology and Ecology of Weeds. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, The Haag, Boston, London.
Hsu CC (1968). Preliminary chromosome studies on the vascular plants of Taiwan (II). Taiwania 14: 11–27.
Hurka H (1984). Influence of population parameters on the genetic structure of Capsella populations. In: Wöhrmann K, Loeschcke V (eds) Population biology and evolution. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, pp. 183–192
Hurka H, Neuffer B (1997) Evolutionary processes in the genus Capsella (Brassicaceae). Plant Syst Evol 206: 295–316.
Hurka H, Freundner S, Brown AH, Plantholt U (1989). Aspartate aminotransferase isozymes in the genus Capsella (Brassicaceae): Subcellular location, gene duplication, and polymorphism. Biochem Genet 27(1-2): 77–90.
Hurka H, Friesen N, German DA, Franzke A, Neuffer B (2012). “Missing link” species Capsella orientalis and C. thracica elucidate evolution of model plant genus Capsella (Brassicaceae). Mol Ecol 21: 223–1238.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05460.x
Jeelani SM, Rani S, Kumar S, Kumari S, Gupta RC (2013). Cytological studies of Brassicaceae Burn. (Cruciferae Juss.) from Western Himalayas. Tsitol Genet 47(1): 26–36.
Kiefer M, Schmickl R, German DA, Mandáková T (2014). BrassiBase: Introduction to a novel knowledge database on Brassicaceae evolution. Plant Cell Physiol 55(1): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pct158.
Korsmo E (1954). Anatomy of weeds. Norway: Grohndal & Sons, Oslo, pp. 172–175
Kurland S (2013). Regional variation in gene expression in Capsella bursa-pastoris. Degree project in biology, Bachelor of science, 2013, Uppsala Universitet, pp. 1–29
Löve A, Löve D (1956). Cytotaxonomical conspectus of the Icelandic flora. Acta Horti Gotoburgensis 20(4): 65–290.
Neuffer B (1989). Leaf morphology in Capsella (Cruciferae): dependency on environments and biological parameters. Beitr Boil Pflanzen 64: 39–54.
Neuffer B (1990). Ecotype differentiation in Capsella. Vegetatio 89: 165–171.
Neuffer B (2011). Native range variation in Capsella bursa pastoris (Brassicaceae) along a 2500 km latitudinal transect. Flora 206(2): 107–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2010.03.001
Neuffer B, Bartelheim S (1989). Gen-ecology of Capsella bursa-pastoris from an altitudinal transect in the Alps. Oecologia 81(4): 521–527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378963
Neuffer B, Hurka H (1999). Colonization history and introduction dynamics of Capsella bursa-pastoris (Brassicaceae) in North America: isozymes and quantitative traits. Mol Ecol 8(10): 1667–1681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00752.x
Neuffer B, Hirschle S, Jäger S (1999). The colonizing history of Capsella in Patagonia (South America) – Molecular and adaptive significance. Folia Geobot 34(4): 435–450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02914921
Neuffer B, Hoffrogge R (2000). Ecotypic and allozyme variation of Capsella (Brassicaceae) along an altitudinal gradient on the Iberian Peninsula. Anal Jardin Bot Madrid 57(2): 299–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.1999.v57.i2.204
Neuffer B, Hurka H, Friesen N, German DA, Franzke A (2014). Evolutionary History of the Genus Capsella (Brassicaceae) - Capsella orientalis, New for Mongolia. Mong J Biol Sci 12(1-2): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22353/mjbs.2014.12.01
Raj B (I965). Palynological studies in some South Indian Weeds. J Osmania Univ (Sci) 2: 67–72.
Schmidt R, Bancroft I (2011). Genetics and Genomics of the Brassicaceae. Plant Genetics and Genomics: Crops and Models, vol 9. Springer, New York.
Shull GH (1909). Bursa bursa-pastoris and Bursa heegeri: biotypes and hybrids. Carnegie Inst Washington Pub 112: 1–57.
Shull GH (1929). Species hybridization among old and new species of shepherd's purse. Proc Int Cong Plant Sci 1: 837–888.
Siljak-Yakovlev S, Peruzzi L (2012). Cytogenetic characterization of endemics: past and future. Plant Biosyst 146: 694–702.
Stace CA (1989). Plant taxonomy and biosystematics, 3rd edn. Edward Arnold, London.
St Onge K (2010). Demography and polyploidy in Capsella. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 725. Uppsala, 39 pp.
Svensson S (1983). Chromosome numbers and morphology in the Capsella bursa-pastoris complex (Brassicaceae) in Greece. Willdenowia 13: 267–276.
Vitte C, Bennetzen JL (2006). Analysis of retrotransposon structural diversity uncovers properties and propensities in angiosperm genome evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103: 17638–17643.
https://doi.org/10.1073/ pnas.0605618103
Zhou L, Tucker CJ, Kaufmann RK, Slayback D, Shabanov NV, Myneni RB (2001). Variations in northern vegetation activity inferred from satellite data of vegetation index during 1981 to 1999. J Geophys Res 106: 69–83.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD000115
Aksoy A, Dixon JM, Hale WH (1998). Biological flora of the British Isles. Capsella bursa- pastoris (L.) Medikus (Thlaspi bursa pastoris L., Bursa bursa-pastoris (L.) Shull, Bursa pastoris (L.) Weber). J Ecol 86: 171–186.
Aksoy A, Hale WH, Dixon JM (1999). Towards a simplified taxonomy of Capsella bursa- pastoris (L.) Medik. (Brassicaceae). Watsonia 22: 243–250
Allen JP, Insabella GM, Porter MR, Smith FD, Phillips NK (2006). A social-interactional model of the development of depressive symptoms in adolescence. J Consult Clin. Psychol. 74(1): 55–65. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.74.1.55
Almquist E (1929). Zur Artbildung in der freien Natur. Acta Horti Bergiani 9: 37–76.
Amer WM, Hassan RA, Abdo AS (2019). Phenoplasticity of the Egyptian Capsella bursa- pastoris (L.) Medik. morphotypes. Ann Agri Bio Res 24(2): 201-210.
Blanc G, Wolfe KH (2004). Functional divergence of duplicated genes formed by polyploidy during Arabidopsis evolution. Plant Cell 16: 1679–1691. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.021410
Bosbach K, Hurka H (1981). Biosystematic studies on Capsella bursa-pastoris (Brassicaceae): Enzyme polymorphism in natural populations. Plant Syst Evol 137: 73–94.
Boulos L (1999). Flora of Egypt, vol. 1 (Azollaceae – Oxalidaceae). Al Hadara publishing, Cairo, Egypt, pp. 228–230.
Bretagnolle F, Thompson JD (1995). Gametes with the somatic chromosome number: mechanisms of their formation and role in the evolution of autopolyploid plants. New Phytol 129: 1–22.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1995.tb03005.x
Castro SA, Espinosa C, Figueroa JA (2014). Two haplotypes of Capsella bursa-pastoris (Brassicaceae) in Continental Chile support multiple introduction. Gayana Bot 71(2): 216–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-66432014000200004.
Davis PH (1965) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vol. 1. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 343–344.
Devos KM, Brown JK, Bennetzen JL (2002). Genome size reduction through illegitimate recombination counteracts genome expansion in Arabidopsis. Genome Res 12: 1075– 1079. https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.132102
Doyle JJ, Doyle JL (1990) Isolation of plant DNA from fresh tissue. Focus 12: 13–15.
Guerra M (2008). Chromosome numbers in plant cytotaxonomy: concepts and implications. Cytogenet. Genome Res 120: 339–350. https://doi.org/10.1159/000121083
Han T, Wu Q, Hou X, Li Z, Zou Y, Ge S, Guo Y (2015). Frequent introgressions from
diploid species contribute to the adaptation of the tetraploid Shepherd’s Purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris). Mol Plant 8: 427–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2014.11.016
Holm LG, Pancho JV, Herberger JP, Plucknett DL (1979). A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. Wiley, New York, pp. 391.
Holmgren PK, Holmgren NH, Barnett LC (1990). Index Herbariorum, 8th edn. New York Botanical Gardens, New York, U.S.A.
Holzner W, Numata M (1982). Biology and Ecology of Weeds. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, The Haag, Boston, London.
Hsu CC (1968). Preliminary chromosome studies on the vascular plants of Taiwan (II). Taiwania 14: 11–27.
Hurka H (1984). Influence of population parameters on the genetic structure of Capsella populations. In: Wöhrmann K, Loeschcke V (eds) Population biology and evolution. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, pp. 183–192
Hurka H, Neuffer B (1997) Evolutionary processes in the genus Capsella (Brassicaceae). Plant Syst Evol 206: 295–316.
Hurka H, Freundner S, Brown AH, Plantholt U (1989). Aspartate aminotransferase isozymes in the genus Capsella (Brassicaceae): Subcellular location, gene duplication, and polymorphism. Biochem Genet 27(1-2): 77–90.
Hurka H, Friesen N, German DA, Franzke A, Neuffer B (2012). “Missing link” species Capsella orientalis and C. thracica elucidate evolution of model plant genus Capsella (Brassicaceae). Mol Ecol 21: 223–1238.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05460.x
Jeelani SM, Rani S, Kumar S, Kumari S, Gupta RC (2013). Cytological studies of Brassicaceae Burn. (Cruciferae Juss.) from Western Himalayas. Tsitol Genet 47(1): 26–36.
Kiefer M, Schmickl R, German DA, Mandáková T (2014). BrassiBase: Introduction to a novel knowledge database on Brassicaceae evolution. Plant Cell Physiol 55(1): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pct158.
Korsmo E (1954). Anatomy of weeds. Norway: Grohndal & Sons, Oslo, pp. 172–175
Kurland S (2013). Regional variation in gene expression in Capsella bursa-pastoris. Degree project in biology, Bachelor of science, 2013, Uppsala Universitet, pp. 1–29
Löve A, Löve D (1956). Cytotaxonomical conspectus of the Icelandic flora. Acta Horti Gotoburgensis 20(4): 65–290.
Neuffer B (1989). Leaf morphology in Capsella (Cruciferae): dependency on environments and biological parameters. Beitr Boil Pflanzen 64: 39–54.
Neuffer B (1990). Ecotype differentiation in Capsella. Vegetatio 89: 165–171.
Neuffer B (2011). Native range variation in Capsella bursa pastoris (Brassicaceae) along a 2500 km latitudinal transect. Flora 206(2): 107–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2010.03.001
Neuffer B, Bartelheim S (1989). Gen-ecology of Capsella bursa-pastoris from an altitudinal transect in the Alps. Oecologia 81(4): 521–527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378963
Neuffer B, Hurka H (1999). Colonization history and introduction dynamics of Capsella bursa-pastoris (Brassicaceae) in North America: isozymes and quantitative traits. Mol Ecol 8(10): 1667–1681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00752.x
Neuffer B, Hirschle S, Jäger S (1999). The colonizing history of Capsella in Patagonia (South America) – Molecular and adaptive significance. Folia Geobot 34(4): 435–450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02914921
Neuffer B, Hoffrogge R (2000). Ecotypic and allozyme variation of Capsella (Brassicaceae) along an altitudinal gradient on the Iberian Peninsula. Anal Jardin Bot Madrid 57(2): 299–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.1999.v57.i2.204
Neuffer B, Hurka H, Friesen N, German DA, Franzke A (2014). Evolutionary History of the Genus Capsella (Brassicaceae) - Capsella orientalis, New for Mongolia. Mong J Biol Sci 12(1-2): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22353/mjbs.2014.12.01
Raj B (I965). Palynological studies in some South Indian Weeds. J Osmania Univ (Sci) 2: 67–72.
Schmidt R, Bancroft I (2011). Genetics and Genomics of the Brassicaceae. Plant Genetics and Genomics: Crops and Models, vol 9. Springer, New York.
Shull GH (1909). Bursa bursa-pastoris and Bursa heegeri: biotypes and hybrids. Carnegie Inst Washington Pub 112: 1–57.
Shull GH (1929). Species hybridization among old and new species of shepherd's purse. Proc Int Cong Plant Sci 1: 837–888.
Siljak-Yakovlev S, Peruzzi L (2012). Cytogenetic characterization of endemics: past and future. Plant Biosyst 146: 694–702.
Stace CA (1989). Plant taxonomy and biosystematics, 3rd edn. Edward Arnold, London.
St Onge K (2010). Demography and polyploidy in Capsella. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 725. Uppsala, 39 pp.
Svensson S (1983). Chromosome numbers and morphology in the Capsella bursa-pastoris complex (Brassicaceae) in Greece. Willdenowia 13: 267–276.
Vitte C, Bennetzen JL (2006). Analysis of retrotransposon structural diversity uncovers properties and propensities in angiosperm genome evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103: 17638–17643.
https://doi.org/10.1073/ pnas.0605618103
Zhou L, Tucker CJ, Kaufmann RK, Slayback D, Shabanov NV, Myneni RB (2001). Variations in northern vegetation activity inferred from satellite data of vegetation index during 1981 to 1999. J Geophys Res 106: 69–83.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD000115
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2021-04-16
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Amer, W., Hassan, R., & Abdo, A. (2021). Cytogenetic and molecular studies of the Egyptian Capsella bursa-pastoris (Brassicaceae) . Caryologia, 73(3). https://doi.org/10.13128/caryologia-867
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