Histochemical and Biochemical Alterations in the Stigma of Hibiscus syriacus (Malvaceae) During Flower Development
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13128/cayologia-196Keywords:
Anthesis, antioxidant enzyme, lipid peroxidation, papillae, stigmaAbstract
The aim of this study is to determine the histochemical and biochemical changes that occurred during flower development in the stigmas of Hibiscus syriacus. The flower development of H. syriacus was divided into three successive stages; pre-anthesis, anthesis, post-anthesis, and stigma development was examined in parallel with these stages. At pre-anthesis, the stigmatic papillae cells covering the surface of the stigma were ovoid and their dense cytoplasm were rich in insoluble polysaccharide, protein and lipid. At anthesis, papillae cells grew and the pellicle layer becomes clear indicating dry-typed stigma. Meanwhile some sub-papillae cells, which accumulate dense organic matter from the beginning of development, began the process of autolysis and release their cellular content into the intercellular space. Whereas the organic matter content of papillae decreased at post-anthesis, it was still more than pre-anthesis stage. Similarly, peroxidase and non-specific esterase activity were very intensive at anthesis stage and activities were still remarkable at post-anthesis stage. The maximum CAT, SOD activity, H2O2 and MDA content were also determined at anthesis. Our results revealed that stigma of H. syriacus is receptive at anthesis and still conserve its receptivity at post anthesis assisting pollen germination and pollen tube growth.
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References
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37. Rodriguez-Garcia MI, M’Rani-Alaoui M, Fernandez MC (2003) Behavior of storage lipids during pollen development and pollen grain germination of olive (Olea europaea L.). Protoplasma. 221(3-4):237–244.
38. Schieber M, Chandel NS. 2014. ROS function in redox signaling and oxidative stress. Curr Biol. 24(10):453–462.
39. Serrano I, Olmedilla A. 2012. Histochemical location of key enzyme activities involved in receptivity and self-incompatibility in the olive tree (Olea europaea L.). Plant Sci. 197:40–49.
40. Seymour RS, Blaylock AJ. 2000. Stigma peroxidase activity in association with thermogenesis in Nelumbo nucifera. Aquat Bot. 67(2):155–159.
41. Shakya R, Bhatla SC. 2010. A comparative analysis of the distribution and composition of lipidic constituents and associated enzymes in pollen and stigma of sunflower. Sex Plant Reprod. 23(2):163–172.
42. Souza EH, Carmello-Guerreiro SM, Souza FVD, Rossi ML, Martinelli AP. 2016. Stigma structure and receptivity in Bromeliaceae. Sci Hort. 203:118–125.
43. Suarez C, Castro AJ, Rapoport HF, Rodriguez-Garcia MI. 2012. Morphological, histological and ultrastructural changes in the olive pistil during flowering. Sexual Plant Reprod. 25(2):133–146.
44. Wolters-Arts M, Lush WM, Mariani C. 1998. Lipids are required for directional pollen-tube growth. Nature 392:818–821.
45. Yanik F, Aytürk Ö, Çetinba?-Genç A, Vardar F. 2018. Salicylic acid-induced germination, biochemical and developmental alterations in rye (Secale cereale L.). Acta Bot Croat. 77(1):45–50.
46. Zafra A, Rodriguez-Garcia MI, Alche JD. 2010. Cellular localization of ROS and NO in olive reproductive tissues during flower development. BMC Plant Biol. 10(1):36–50.
2. Allen AM, Thorogood CJ, Hegarty MJ, Lexer C, Hiscock SJ. 2011. Pollen–pistil interactions and self-incompatibility in the Asteraceae: new insights from studies of Senecio Squalidus (Oxford ragwort). Ann Bot. 108(4):687–698.
3. Annahwi D, Ratnawati R, Budiwati B. 2017. Flower and fruit development phenology and generative reproduction success of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis spp. YRU Journal of Science and Technology. 2(2):19–30.
4. Aslmoshtaghi E, Shahsavar AR. 2016. Biochemical changes involved in self-incompatibility in two cultivars of olive (Olea europaea L.) during flower development. J Hortic Sci Biotechnol. 91(2):189–195.
5. Birecka H, Briber KA, Catalfamo JL. 1973. Comparative studies on tobacco pith and sweet potato root isoperoxidases in relation to injury, indoleacetic acid, and ethylene effects. Plant Physiol. 52(1):43–49.
6. Brito MS, Bertolino LT, Cossalter V, Quiapim AC, Paoli HC, Goldman GH, Teixeira SP, Goldman MHS. 2015. Pollination triggers female gametophyte development in immature Nicotiana tabacum ?owers. Front Plant Sci. 6:1–10.
7. Cakmak I, Horst JH. 1991. Effects of aluminum on lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase activities in root tips of soybean (Glycine max). Physiol Plant. 83(3):463–468.
8. Cakmak I, Marschner H. 1992. Magnesium deficiency and high light intensity enhance activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in bean leaves. Plant Physiol. 98(4):1222–1227.
9. Çetinba?-Genç A, Ünal M. 2017. Timing of reproductive organs maturity in proterandrous Malva sylvestris L.. Not Sci Biol. 9(2):287–295.
10. Chapin III FS, Schulze ED, Mooney HA. 1990. The ecology and economics of storage in plants. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst. 21(1):423–447.
11. Cheong YH, Chang HS, Gupta R, Wang X, Zhu T, Luan S. 2002. Transcriptional pro?ling reveals novel interactions between wounding, pathogen, abiotic stress, and hormonal responses in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 129(2):661–677.
12. Cho YW, Park EH, Lim CJ. 2000 Glutathione S-transferase activities of S-type and L-type thiol transferase from Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochem Mol Biol j. 33(2):179–183.
13. Delannoy E, Jalloul A, Assigbetse K, Marmey P, Geiger JP, Lherminier J, Daniel JF, Martinez C, Nicole M. 2003. Activity of class III peroxidases in the defense of cotton to bacterial blight. Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 16(11):1030–1038.
14. Do HM, Hong JK, Jung HW, Kim SH, Ham JH, Hwang BK. 2003. Expression of peroxidase-like genes, H2O2 production, and peroxidase activity during the hypersensitive response to Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria in Capsicum annuum. Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 16(3):196–205.
15. Edlund AF, Swanson R, Preuss D. 2004. Pollen and stigma structure and function: the role of diversity in pollination. Plant Cell. 16(1):84–97.
16. Feder N, O’Brien TP. 1968. Plant microtechnique: Some principles and new methods. Am J Bot. 55(1):123–142.
17. Fisher DB, Jensen WA, Ashton ME. 1968. Histochemical studies of pollen: Storage pockets in the endoplasmic reticulum. Histochemie. 13(2):169-182.
18. Gomori G. 1950. An improved histochemical technique for acid phosphatase. Stain Technol. 25(2):81–85.
19. Halliwell B, Gutteridge JM. 1989. 1 Iron toxicity and oxygen radicals. Baillieres Clin Haematol. 2(2), 195–256.
20. Herrero M, Dickinson HG. 1979. Pollen-pistil incompatibility in Petunia hybrida: changes in the pistil following compatible and incompatible intraspeci?c crosses. J Cell Sci. 36(1):1–18.
21. Heslop-Harrison Y. 2000. Control gates and micro-ecology: the pollen–stigma interaction in perspective. Ann Bot. 85(1):5–13.
22. Hiscock SJ, Hoedemaekers K, Friedman WE, Dickinson HG. 2002. The stigma surface and pollen-stigma interactions in Senecio squalidus L. (Asteraceae) following cross (compatible) and self (incompatible) pollinations. Int J Plant Sci.163(1):1–16.
23. Hiscock SJ, Allen AM. 2008. Diverse cell signalling pathways regulate pollen?stigma interactions: the search for consensus. New Phytol. 179(2):286–317.
24. Hsu RJ, Hsu YC, Chen SP, Fu CL, Yu JC, Chang FW, Chen YH, Liu JM, Ho JY, Yu CP. 2015. The triterpenoids of Hibiscus syriacus induce apoptosis and inhibit cell migration in breast cancer cells. BMC Complement Altern Med. 15(1):65–74.
25. Junglee S, Urban L, Sallanon H, Lopez-Lauri F. 2014. Optimized assay for hydrogen peroxide determination in plant tissue using potassium iodide. Am J Analyt Chem. 5(11):730–736.
26. Klips RA, Snow AA. 1997. Delayed autonomous self?pollination in Hibiscus laevis (Malvaceae). Am J Bot. 84(1):48–53.
27. Losada JM, Herrero M. 2012. Arabinogalactan-protein secretion is associated with the acquisition of stigmatic receptivity in the apple ?ower. Ann Bot. 110(3):573–584.
28. McInnis SM, Desikan R, Hancock JT, Hiscock SJ. 2006. Production of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species by angiosperm stigmas and pollen: potential signalling crosstalk?. New Phytol. 172(2):221–228.
29. Neill S, Desikan R, Hancock J. 2002. Hydrogen peroxide signalling. Curr Opin Plant Biol. 5(5):388–395.
30. Paoletti E, Ferrara AM, Calatayud V, Cervero J, Giannetti F, Sanz MJ, Manning WJ. 2009. Deciduous shrubs for ozone bioindication: Hibiscus syriacus as an example. Environ Pollut. 157(3):865–870.
31. Pearse AG. 1961. Histochemistry, theoretical and applied. Am J Med Sci. 241(1):136.
32. Punasiya R, Pillai S. 2015. In vitro, antioxidant activity of various leaves extract of Hibiscus syriacus L. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 7(1):18¬–24.
33. Quan LJ, Zhang B, Shi WW, Li HY. 2008. Hydrogen peroxide in plants: A versatile molecule of the reactive oxygen species network. J Integr Plant Biol. 50(1):2–18.
34. Reale L, Sgromo C, Ederli L, Pasqualini S, Orlandi F, Fornaciari M, Ferranti F, Romano B. 2009. Morphological and cytological development and starch accumulation in hermaphrodite and staminate ?owers of olive (Olea europaea L.). Sex Plant Reprod. 22(3):109–119.
35. Rodrigo J, Rivas E, Herrero M. 1997. Starch determination in plant tissues using a computerized image analysis system. Physiol Plant. 99(1):105–110.
36. Rodrigo J, Hormaza JI, Herrero M. 2000. Ovary starch reserves and ?ower development in apricot (Prunus armeniaca). Physiol Plant. 108(1):35–41.
37. Rodriguez-Garcia MI, M’Rani-Alaoui M, Fernandez MC (2003) Behavior of storage lipids during pollen development and pollen grain germination of olive (Olea europaea L.). Protoplasma. 221(3-4):237–244.
38. Schieber M, Chandel NS. 2014. ROS function in redox signaling and oxidative stress. Curr Biol. 24(10):453–462.
39. Serrano I, Olmedilla A. 2012. Histochemical location of key enzyme activities involved in receptivity and self-incompatibility in the olive tree (Olea europaea L.). Plant Sci. 197:40–49.
40. Seymour RS, Blaylock AJ. 2000. Stigma peroxidase activity in association with thermogenesis in Nelumbo nucifera. Aquat Bot. 67(2):155–159.
41. Shakya R, Bhatla SC. 2010. A comparative analysis of the distribution and composition of lipidic constituents and associated enzymes in pollen and stigma of sunflower. Sex Plant Reprod. 23(2):163–172.
42. Souza EH, Carmello-Guerreiro SM, Souza FVD, Rossi ML, Martinelli AP. 2016. Stigma structure and receptivity in Bromeliaceae. Sci Hort. 203:118–125.
43. Suarez C, Castro AJ, Rapoport HF, Rodriguez-Garcia MI. 2012. Morphological, histological and ultrastructural changes in the olive pistil during flowering. Sexual Plant Reprod. 25(2):133–146.
44. Wolters-Arts M, Lush WM, Mariani C. 1998. Lipids are required for directional pollen-tube growth. Nature 392:818–821.
45. Yanik F, Aytürk Ö, Çetinba?-Genç A, Vardar F. 2018. Salicylic acid-induced germination, biochemical and developmental alterations in rye (Secale cereale L.). Acta Bot Croat. 77(1):45–50.
46. Zafra A, Rodriguez-Garcia MI, Alche JD. 2010. Cellular localization of ROS and NO in olive reproductive tissues during flower development. BMC Plant Biol. 10(1):36–50.
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Published
2019-12-23
How to Cite
Çetinba?-Genç, A., Yan?k, F., & Vardar, F. (2019). Histochemical and Biochemical Alterations in the Stigma of Hibiscus syriacus (Malvaceae) During Flower Development. Caryologia, 72(4), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.13128/cayologia-196
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