Geographical distribution and karyotype of Nannospalax ehrenbergi (Nehring 1898) (Rodentia, Spalacidae) in Iraq
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13128/caryologia-318Keywords:
Rodentia, Spalacidae, Nannospalax ehrenbergi, Karyology, IraqAbstract
This paper concerns the karyological analysis of fourteen mole rats collected in four different localities of North-Iraq (Kurdistan Region). The result showed that they belong to the following cytotypes of Nannospalax ehrenbergi: «Duhok-Bardarash Population» 2n = 52, NF = 76, and NFa = 72 and «Arbil-Sulaimania-Kirkuk populations» 2n = 52, NF = 80 and NFa = 76. The karyotypes of the Duhok population are similar to those from Mosul, but the Arbil-Sulaimania-Kirkuk populations’ karyotype represents a new chromosomal form. Their distribution extends from North Iraq to Sulaimania.
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References
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Co?kun Y., N. A?an Baydemir, A. Kaya and A. Karöz 2014.Nucleolar organizer region distribution in Nannospalax ehrenbergi (Nehring, 1898) (Rodentia: Spalacidae) from Iraq. - Turk. J. Zool. 38: 250- 253.
Co?kun Y., Hamad Z. A. and Kaya A. 2016. Morphological properties of Nannospalax (Rodentia: Spalacidae) distributed in North-Iraq. - Hacettepe J. Bio. & Chem. 44 (2): 173-179.
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Gromov I. M., and G. I. Baranova1981. Catalogue of Mammals in USSR.Nauka, Leningrad.
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Nevo E., E. Ivanitskaya and A. Beiles 2001. Adaptive radiation of blind subterranean mole rats: Naming and revisiting the four sibling species of Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies in Israel: Spalax galili (2n = 52), S. golani (2n = 54), S. carmeli (2n = 58) and S. judaei (2n = 60). – Leiden, 195 pp.
Patton J. L. and S.W. Sherwood 1983. Chromosome evolution and speciation in Rodents. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 14:139-158.
Reed C. A. 1958. Observations on the burrowing rodent Spalax in Iraq. - J. Mamm. 39: 386-389.
Savic I. and Nevo E. 1990. The Spalacidae: Evolutionary history, speciation and population biology. In: Evolution of Subterranean Mammals at the Organismal and Molecular Levels, Ed. by O. REIG. New York: Alan R. Liss, Inc.pp. 129–153.
Topachevskii V.A., 1969. Fauna of the USSR. Mammals: Mole rats, Spalacidae, Vol. 3, No. 3.Academia Nauka, Leningrad.
Turnbull, P. F., and C. A. Reed 1974. The Fauna from the Terminal Pleistocene of Palegawra Cave, A Zarzian Occupation Site in Northeastern Iraq. – Fieldiana Anthropol. 63(3): 81–146.
Wahrman J., R. Goitin, and Nevo E. 1969. Geographic variation of chromosome forms in Spalax, a subterranean rodent of restricted mobility. In: Benirschke E. (ed.), Comp. Mamm. Cyt. Springer Verlag. New York: 30–48.
Zohary M. 1973. Geobotanical foundations of the Middle East. Fischer Verlage, Stuttgart.V,1
Amr Z. 2009. Mammals of Iraq. Publication No.NI-0209-002, Nature Iraq.Sulaimania, Kurdistan Iraq.
Bate D. M. A. 1930. Animal Remains from Dark Cave, Hazar Merd. -Bull. Amer. School Prehist. Res. 6: 38–41.
Cheesman R.E. 1920. Report on the mammals of Mesopotamia collected by members of the Mesopotamian Expeditionary Force, 1915 to 1919. - J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 27: 323–346.
Co?kunY., S. Ulutürk, and G. Yürümez 2006. Chromosomal diversity in mole-rats of the species Nannospalaxehrenbergi(Rodentia: Spalacidae) from South Anatolia, Turkey. - Mamm. Bio. - Z. Saugetierkd.71(4): 244–250.
Co?kun Y., A. Namee, A. Kaya, and Z. I. F. Rahemo 2012. - Karyotype of Nannospalax ehrenbergi (Nehring 1898) (Rodentia: Spalacidae) in the Mosul Province, Iraq. - Hystrix, It. J. Mamm. 23(2): 72-75.
Co?kun Y., N. A?an Baydemir, A. Kaya and A. Karöz 2014.Nucleolar organizer region distribution in Nannospalax ehrenbergi (Nehring, 1898) (Rodentia: Spalacidae) from Iraq. - Turk. J. Zool. 38: 250- 253.
Co?kun Y., Hamad Z. A. and Kaya A. 2016. Morphological properties of Nannospalax (Rodentia: Spalacidae) distributed in North-Iraq. - Hacettepe J. Bio. & Chem. 44 (2): 173-179.
Garstecki, T. and Z. Amr 2011.Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management in the Iraqi Marshlands – IUCN Screening Study on Potential World Heritage Nomination. Amman, Jordan.
Gromov I. M., and G. I. Baranova1981. Catalogue of Mammals in USSR.Nauka, Leningrad.
Hadid, Y., Németh, A., Snir, S., Pavlí?ek, T., Csorba, G., Kázmér, M., Major, Á.,Mezhzherin, S., Rusin, M., Ço?kun, Y. and Nevo, E., 2012. Is evolution of blind mole rats determined by climate oscillations? PLoS One, 7: e30043. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0030043.
Harrison D. L. 1956. Mammals from Kurdistan, Iraq, with description of a new bat. J. Mamm. 37: 257–263.
Harrison D. L. and P. J. J. Bates 1991. The Mammals of Arabia. 2nd Edition. Harrison Zoological Museum Publication.262–301.
Hatt, R.T. 1959. The Mammals of Iraq. - Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, No. 106: 1-113.
Hsu T. C. 1969.-Direct bone marrow preparations for karyotyping. Mamm.Chrom. Newsletter, 10: 99-101.
Ivanitskaya E., Co?kun Y. and E. Nevo 1997. Banded karyotypes of mole rats (Spalax, Spalacidae, Rodentia) from Turkey: a comparative analysis. - J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res. 35(4): 171-177.
Ivanitskaya E. and E. Nevo 1998. Cytogenetics of mole rats of the Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies from Jordan (Spalacidae, Rodentia). - Zeits. Saug. 63(6): pp.336
Lahony S.R.A., M. K. Mohammad, H. H. Ali, A. A. Al-Moussawi, and M. S. A. Al-Rasul 2013. Hawraman Lowest Zone, Kurdistan Province North East Of Iraq. - Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus. 12(4): 7-34.
Lay D. M., and Nadler C. F. 1972.Cytogenetics and origin of North African Spalax (Rodentia: Spalacidae). - Cyt. Gen. Res. 11(4): 279-285.
Lyapunova, E.A., Vorontsov, N.N. and , L. Martynova 1974. Cytological differentiation of burrowing mammals in the Palaearctic. In: Symposium Theriologicum II (eds. J. Kratochvíl and R. Obrtel). Proc. Int. Symp. on Species and Zoogeography of European Mammals. Academia, Prague, pp. 203-215.
Musser G. G. and M. D. Carleton 2005. Superfamily Muroidae. p. 894-1531. In: D. E. W?lson and D. A. M. Reeder (Eds), Mammal species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd ed., Vol. 2. – Baltimore.
Nehring A. 1898. Über mehrere neue Spalax Arten. - Sitzungberichte der Berlinischen Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde 10: 163-183.
Nevo E., E. Ivanitskaya and A. Beiles 2001. Adaptive radiation of blind subterranean mole rats: Naming and revisiting the four sibling species of Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies in Israel: Spalax galili (2n = 52), S. golani (2n = 54), S. carmeli (2n = 58) and S. judaei (2n = 60). – Leiden, 195 pp.
Patton J. L. and S.W. Sherwood 1983. Chromosome evolution and speciation in Rodents. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 14:139-158.
Reed C. A. 1958. Observations on the burrowing rodent Spalax in Iraq. - J. Mamm. 39: 386-389.
Savic I. and Nevo E. 1990. The Spalacidae: Evolutionary history, speciation and population biology. In: Evolution of Subterranean Mammals at the Organismal and Molecular Levels, Ed. by O. REIG. New York: Alan R. Liss, Inc.pp. 129–153.
Topachevskii V.A., 1969. Fauna of the USSR. Mammals: Mole rats, Spalacidae, Vol. 3, No. 3.Academia Nauka, Leningrad.
Turnbull, P. F., and C. A. Reed 1974. The Fauna from the Terminal Pleistocene of Palegawra Cave, A Zarzian Occupation Site in Northeastern Iraq. – Fieldiana Anthropol. 63(3): 81–146.
Wahrman J., R. Goitin, and Nevo E. 1969. Geographic variation of chromosome forms in Spalax, a subterranean rodent of restricted mobility. In: Benirschke E. (ed.), Comp. Mamm. Cyt. Springer Verlag. New York: 30–48.
Zohary M. 1973. Geobotanical foundations of the Middle East. Fischer Verlage, Stuttgart.V,1
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Published
2019-12-23
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Hamad, Z. A., Kaya, A., & Co?kun, Y. (2019). Geographical distribution and karyotype of Nannospalax ehrenbergi (Nehring 1898) (Rodentia, Spalacidae) in Iraq. Caryologia, 72(4), 79–83. https://doi.org/10.13128/caryologia-318
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