Karyomorphology of twelve species in Euphorbia genus from Turkey
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13128/caryologia-197Keywords:
Chromosome number, karyotype asymmetry, Pithyusa, Esula, tetraploid, karyosystematicAbstract
Karyotypes in 12 taxa of Euphorbia were studied karyomorphologically. The karyotypes of Euphorbia cheiradenia, E. pannonica, E. pestalozzae, E. petrophila, E. pisidica, E. thessala and E. yildirimli are described for the first time. Karyological analyses indicate relationships among the species with respect to their asymmetry indices. Most of the investigated taxa are diploid with 2n = 2x = 18 chromosomes. E. macroclada and E. smirnovii showed tetraploid cytotypes 2n = 4x = 36. All karyotypes are symmetrical, consisting of metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes. The chromosomes range in size from 0.79 µm to 2.20 µm. The total haploid chromosome length (THL) varies from 8.75 ?m (E. terracina) to 16.78 ?m (E. petrophila). PCoA (Principal Coordinate Analysis) with five uncorrelated parameters was performed to determine the karyological relationships among the taxa.
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References
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Barla A, Öztürk M, Kültür ?, Öksüz S. 2007. Screening of antioxidant activity of three Euphorbia species from Turkey. Fitoterapia 78: 423–425.
Baytop T. 1984. Türkiyede bitkilerle tedavi [Therapy with medicinal plants in Turkey]. ?stanbul: ?stanbul University Press. Turkish
Bruyns PV, Mapaya RJ, Hedderson T. 2006. A new subgeneric classification for Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) in southern Africa based on ITS and psbA-trnH sequence data. Taxon 55: 397–420.
Chariat-Panahi MS, Lessani H, Cartier D. 1982. Etude caryologique de quelques espèces de la flore de l'Iran. Rev. Cytol Biol Veg Bot. 5: 189–197.
Ernst M, Grace OM, Saslis-Lagoudakis CH, Nilsson N, Simonsen HT, Rønsted N. 2015. Global medicinal uses of Euphorbia L.(Euphorbiaceae). J Ethnopharmacol. 176: 90–101.
Genç ?, Kültür ?. 2016. Euphorbia akmanii (Euphorbiaceae), a new species from Turkey. Phytotaxa 265(2): 112–120.
Genç ?, Kültür ?. 2017. Morphological and Caryological Features of Euphorbia smirnovii Geltman. Trak Univ Journal of Nat Sci. 18(2): 133–136.
Genç ?, Kültür ?. 2018. Seed morphology of perennial taxa of Euphorbia section Pithyusa (Euphorbiaceae) in Turkey. Phytotaxa 336(3): 263–271.
Hammer Ø, Harper DAT, Ryan PD. 2001. PAST: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontol Electron. 4(1): 9.
Hammer Ø. 2018. PAST 3.19. http://folk.uio.no/ohammer/past [accessed March 2018]
Horn JW, van EBW, Morawetz JJ, Riina R, Steinmann VW, Berry PE, Wurdack KJ. 2012. Phylogenetics and the evolution of major structural characters in the giant genus Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol. 63(2): 305–326.
Iyer YK. 1991. Report 34. In: Kamari G, Felber F, Garbari F, editors. Mediterranean chromosome number reports 1. Flora Mediterranea I: 238–239.
Kesercioglu T, Nakipoglu M, Kesercioglu H, Küçet AY. 1990. Bat? Anadolu'nun baz? endemik bitkileri üzerinde sitotaksonomik ara?t?rmalar [Cytotaxonomic studies on some endemic plants of Western Anatolia]. Proceedings of the X. Ulusal Biyoloji Kongresi [National Biology Congress]; 18-20 July; Erzurum. p. 63–73. Turkish.
Lessani H, Chariat-panahi S. 1979. In IOPB chromosome number reports LXV. Taxon 28: 635–636.
Levan A, Fredga K, Sandberg AA. 1964. Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes. Hereditas. 52(2):201–220.
Özbilgin S, Bahad?r Ac?kara Ö, Küpeli Akkol E, Süntar I, Kele? H, ??can Saltan G. 2018. In vivo wound-healing activity of Euphorbia characias subsp. wulfenii: Isolation and quantification of quercetin glycosides as bioactive compounds. J Ethnopharmacol. 224: 400–408.
Özbilgin S, Küpeli Akkol E, Süntar ?, Tekin M, Saltan ??can G. 2019. Wound healing activity of some species of Euphorbia L. Rec Nat Prod. 13(2): 104–113.
Öztekin M. 2012. Euphorbia L. In: Güner A, Aslan S, Ekim T, Vural M, Babaç MT, Editors. Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarl? Bitkiler) [Turkey Plant List (Vascular Plants)]. ?stanbul: Nezahat Gökyi?it Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Ara?t?rmalar? Derne?i Yay?n?; p. 414–424. Turkish
Paszko B. 2006. A critical review and a new proposal of karyotype asymmetry indices. Plant Syst Evol. 258(1-2): 39–48.
Peruzzi L, Alt?nordu F. 2014. A proposal for a multivariate quantitative approach to infer karyological relationships among taxa. Comp Cytogen. 8(4): 337-349.
Peruzzi L, Ero?lu HE. 2013. Karyotype asymmetry: again, how to measure and what to measure? Comp Cytogen. 7(1):1–9.
Peruzzi L, Leitch IJ, Caparelli KF. 2009. Chromosome diversity and evolution in Liliaceae. Ann Bot. 103: 459–475.
Radcliffe-Smith A. 1976. The mystery o f Euphorbia robbiae (Euphorbiaceae). Kew Bull. 30: 697–698.
Rice A, Glick L, Abadi S, Einhorn M, Kopelman NM, Salman-Minkov A, Mayzel J, Chay O, Mayrose I. 2015. The Chromosome Counts Database (CCDB)–a community resource of plant chromosome numbers. New Phytol. 206(1): 19–26.
Riina R, Peirson JA, Geltman DV, Molero J, Frajman B, Pahlevani A, Barres L, Morawetz JJ, Salmaki Y, Zarre S, et al. 2013. A worldwide molecular phylogeny and classification of the leafy spurges, Euphorbia subgenus Esula (Euphorbiaceae). Taxon 62(2): 316–342.
Strid A. 1987. Chromosome numbers o f Turkish mountain plants. An annotated list o f 34 taxa. Notes RBG Edinb. 44:351–356.
Vicens J, Molero J, Blanché C. 1991. Reports 38–44. In: Kamari G, Felber F, Garbari F, editors. Mediterranean chromosome number reports-1. Flora Mediterránea 1: 241–243.
Zuo J, Yuan G. 2011. The difference between the heterogeneity of the centromeric index and intrachromosomal asymmetry. Plant Syst Evol. 297: 141–145.
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2021-04-16
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Genç, ?lker, & Kültür, ?ükran. (2021). Karyomorphology of twelve species in Euphorbia genus from Turkey. Caryologia, 73(3). https://doi.org/10.13128/caryologia-197
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