The cytological and molecular investigation of the toxic effects of the herbicide Roundup on Cucumis sativus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-951Keywords:
Cucumis sativus, RAPD PCR , root growth, genotoxicity, glyphosateAbstract
In the current study, it is aimed to investigate the toxic effects of a widely used herbicide Roundup containing active ingredient glyphosate on cucumber (Cucumis sativus) by cytological and molecular investigation. Three different concentrations (0.6%, 1.2% and 2.4%) of Roundup were applied to cucumber for 48 and 72 hours. At the end of the application procedure, the germination percentage, mean root length, mitotic frequency and mitotic abnormalities, RAPD profiles and Genomic template stability (GTS) were determined in root apical meristematic cells. For RAPD PCR analysis 10 RAPD primers were used, 8 of them produced band patterns and it was found that 5 RAPD primers among them produced unique polymorphic band patterns and subsequently were used to produce a total of 24 bands. Observed percentage of polymorphism was 26%. The changes in RAPD profiles after Roundup treatment was included variations as gain and/or loss of bands compared with the control group. Genomic template stability changed in RAPD profiles at various Roundup concentrations.
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References
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Schaumburg LG, Siroski PA, Poletta GL, Mudry MD (2016) Genotoxicity induced by Roundup®(Glyphosate) in tegu lizard (Salvator merianae) embryos. Pesticide biochemistry and physiology, 130:71-78.
Shcneiderman MH, Dewey WC, Highf?eld DP. (1971) Inhibition of DNA synthesis in synchronized Chinese hamster cell treated in G1 with cycloheximide. Exp Cell Res 67: 147-155,
Shehata BM, Gupta NA, Katzenstein HM, Steelman CK, Wulkan ML, Gow KW, Abramowsky CR (2011) Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver is associated with mesenchymal hamartoma and multiple chromosomal abnormalities: a review of eleven cases. Pediatric and Developmental Pathology, 14(2):111-116.
Sudhakar R, Ninge Gowda KN, Venu G. (2001) Mitotic abnormalities induced by silk dyeing industry effluents in the cell of Allium cepa. Cytologia 66: 235-239,
Williams J, Kubelik AR, Livak KJ, Rafalski JA, Tinger SV. 1990 DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic Acid Res 18:6531–6535.
Yuksel B, Aksoy O (2017) Cytolog?cal effects of coumar?n on the mitosis of Lens Culinaris Medik. Fresen?us Env?ronmental Bullet?n, 26(11): 6400-6407.
Yuzba??o?lu D, Unal F, Sancak C et al. (2003) Cytological effects of the herbicide racer “flurochloridone” on Allium cepa. Caryologia 56: 97-105,
Alvarez A, Saez JM, Costa, JSD, Colin VL, Fuentes MS, Cuozzo SA, Amoroso MJ (2017) Actinobacteria: current research and perspectives for bioremediation of pesticides and heavy metals. Chemosphere, 166:41-62.
Atienzar FA, Venier P, Jha AN, Depledge MH (2002) Evaluation of the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay for the detection of DNA damage and mutations. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 521(1-2): 151-163.
Atienzar FA, Conradi M., Evenden AJ, Jha AN, Depledge MH 1999 Qualitative assessment of genotoxicity using random amplified polymorphic DNA: comparison of genomic template stability with key fitness parameters in Daphnia magna exposed to benzo [a] pyrene, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, vol. 18(10): 2275-2282.
Benedetti D, Lopes Alderete B, de Souza CT, Ferraz Dias J, Niekraszewicz L, Cappetta M, Da Silva J (2018) DNA damage and epigenetic alteration in soybean farmers exposed to complex mixture of pesticides. Mutagenesis, 33(1),:87-95.
Bolle P, Mastrangelo S, Tucci P et al. (2004).Clastogenicity of atrazine assessed with the Allium cepa test. Environ Mol Mutagen 43: 137-141,
Bolognesi C (2003) Genotoxicity of pesticides: a review of human biomonitoring studies. Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research, 543(3), 251-272.
Cenkci S,Y?ld?z M, Ci?erci I, Konuk M, Bozda? M (2009) Toxic chemicals-induced gentoxicity detected by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings, Chemosphere 76 :900-906.
De Wolf, H, Blust R, Backeljau T (2004) The use of RAPD in ecotoxicology. Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research, 566(3): 249-262.
Dill GM (2005) Glyphosate?resistant crops: history, status and future. Pest Management Science: formerly Pesticide Science 61(3): 219-224.
Donahue BA, Yin S, Taylor JS, Reines D, Hanawalt PC. 1994. Transcript cleavage by RNA polymerase II arrested by a cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer in the DNA template. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91(18):8502–8506.
Enan MR. 2006. Application of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) to detect the genotoxic effect of heavy metals. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 43:147–154.
Grisolia CK, Bilich MR, Formigli LM 2004 A comparative toxicologic and genotoxic study of the herbicide arsenal, its active ingredient imazapyr, and the surfactant nonylphenol ethoxylate. Ecotox Environ Safety 59:123-126,
Haiba AA, El-Hamid NA, El-Hady EAAA, Al-Ansary ERMF (2011) Cytogenetic effect of insecticide telliton and fungicide dithane M-45 on meiotic cells and seed storage proteins of Vicia faba. Journal of American Science 7(1): 19-25.
Ho MW, Cummins J (2010). Glyphosate toxic & Roundup worse, Available:http://www. percyschmeiser.com/Toxic.html
Horak MJ, Rosenbaum EW, Kendrick DL, Sammons. B, Phillips SL, Nickson TE, Perez T (2015) Plant characterization of Roundup Ready 2 Yield® soybean, MON 89788, for use in ecological risk assessment. Transgenic research, 24(2):213-225.
Khan SU (2016) Pesticides in the soil environment. Elsevier.
Liu L, Liu G, Gong Y, Dai W, Wang Y, Yu, F, Ren Y (2007) Evaluation of genetic purity of F1 hybrid seeds in cabbage with RAPD, ISSR, SRAP, and SSR markers. Hortscience, 42(3): 724-727.
Lushchak VI, Matviishyn TM, Husak VV, Storey JM, Storey KB (2018) Pesticide toxicity: a mechanistic approach. EXCLI journal, 17: 1101.
Lynch M, Milligan BG (1994) Analysis of population genetic structure with RAPD markers. Molecular ecology. 3(2): 91-99.
Nei M (1978) Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals. Genetics, 89(3):583-590.
Nelson JR, Lawrence CW, Hinkle DC. (1996) Thymine-thymine dimmer bypass by yeast DNA polymerase. Science 272:1646–1649.
Piesova E (2005). The effect of glyphosate on the frequency of micronuclei in bovine lymphocytes in vitro. Acta Veterinaria - Beograd 55: 101-109.
Pietrasanata LI, Smith BL, MacLeod MC. 2000. A novel apprach for analyzing the structure of DNA modified by benzo[a]pyrine diol epoxide at single-molecule resolution. Chem Res Toxicol 13:351–355.
Polit JT, Maszewski J, Ka?mierczak A (2003) Effect of BAP and IAA on the expression of G1 and G2 control points and G1?S and G2?M transitions in root meristem cells of Vicia faba. Cell biology international 27(7):559-566.
Rank J, Nielsen MH, (1994) Evaluation of the Allium anaphase telophase test in relation to genotoxicity screening of industrial wastewater. - Mutat. Res. 312: 17–24,
Sarath Chandran C, Thomas S, Unni MR (2019) Pesticides: Classification, Detection, and Degradation. Organic Farming: New Advances Towards Sustainable Agricultural Systems, 71.
Schaumburg LG, Siroski PA, Poletta GL, Mudry MD (2016) Genotoxicity induced by Roundup®(Glyphosate) in tegu lizard (Salvator merianae) embryos. Pesticide biochemistry and physiology, 130:71-78.
Shcneiderman MH, Dewey WC, Highf?eld DP. (1971) Inhibition of DNA synthesis in synchronized Chinese hamster cell treated in G1 with cycloheximide. Exp Cell Res 67: 147-155,
Shehata BM, Gupta NA, Katzenstein HM, Steelman CK, Wulkan ML, Gow KW, Abramowsky CR (2011) Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver is associated with mesenchymal hamartoma and multiple chromosomal abnormalities: a review of eleven cases. Pediatric and Developmental Pathology, 14(2):111-116.
Sudhakar R, Ninge Gowda KN, Venu G. (2001) Mitotic abnormalities induced by silk dyeing industry effluents in the cell of Allium cepa. Cytologia 66: 235-239,
Williams J, Kubelik AR, Livak KJ, Rafalski JA, Tinger SV. 1990 DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic Acid Res 18:6531–6535.
Yuksel B, Aksoy O (2017) Cytolog?cal effects of coumar?n on the mitosis of Lens Culinaris Medik. Fresen?us Env?ronmental Bullet?n, 26(11): 6400-6407.
Yuzba??o?lu D, Unal F, Sancak C et al. (2003) Cytological effects of the herbicide racer “flurochloridone” on Allium cepa. Caryologia 56: 97-105,
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Published
2021-07-20
How to Cite
Yuksel, B., Aksoy, O., & Karatas, M. (2021). The cytological and molecular investigation of the toxic effects of the herbicide Roundup on Cucumis sativus. Caryologia, 74(1), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-951
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