No. 6 (2025): Fashion Technology
Essays

Controllable Colour Changing Modular Textiles Using 3D Printing and Screen Printing for Alternative Sustainable Fashion

Aditi Mishra
Arts University Bournemouth
cover of FH issue 6

Published 30-05-2026

Keywords

  • Digital fashion,
  • Cromaflux,
  • Thermochromic textlies,
  • Smart textiles,
  • Sustainable fashion

How to Cite

Mishra, A. (2026). Controllable Colour Changing Modular Textiles Using 3D Printing and Screen Printing for Alternative Sustainable Fashion. Fashion Highlight, (6), 118–128. https://doi.org/10.36253/fh-3761

Abstract

The role of technology in fashion no longer remains a gimmick limited to high fashion, eccentricities or fiction. With the advent of wearables and integratable electronics, innovations are shifting the digital fashion paradigm from visual to functional. Meanwhile, the fact that the fashion industry contributes significantly to global emissions and textile waste is irrefutable (Igini, 2023; Quantis, 2018; United Nations Environment Programme, 2018). Some researchers (Koo et al., 2013; Lang & Wei, 2019; Niinimäki & Hassi, 2011) suggest modular, reusable garments can help counteract the effects of fast fashion. Transformable garments are a potential alternative, but the aesthetics, affordability and functionality limit them from being adaptable to fast-moving trends. (Peter, 2018). A truly transformable garment still lies within the realm of speculations, considering its complexity and limitations of current technology.
Cromaflux, is a prototype capable of changing colours as the user wishes, which takes the form of a modular system with varying applications, enhancing both functionality and aesthetics. It utilises 3D printing, traditional screen-printed textiles, and thermochromic elements, allowing for colour changes with smartphone apps. This research aspires to create affordable, adaptable, tech-integrated clothing that defies traditional textile norms, negates the socio-cultural harm of fast fashion, without compromising personal expression. 

References

  1. Abouraddy F, A., Kaufman J, J., Tan, F., & Monroe C, M. (2022). Create Fabrics that Change Colors and Patterns
  2. on On-Demand Without Sunlight or Body Heat | UCF Flintbox (U.S. Patent Patent No. US 11,479,86 B2). https://ucf.flintbox.com/technologies/ac1392d0-6fe0-4a74-a8ce-6038685a5bf6
  3. Berzowska, J., & Skorobogatiy, M. (2009). Karma Chameleon: Jacquard-woven photonic fiber display. SIGGRAPH 2009: Talks, 1–1. https://doi.org/10.1145/1597990.1598001
  4. Calder, L., Aylett, R., Robertson, S., & Louchart, S. J.-J. (2013). Prototyping 3D ‘Smart’ Textile Surfaces for Pervasive Computing Environment (H. Britt, S. Wade, & K. Walton, Eds.; pp. 66–73). Association of Fashion and Textile Courses - Loughborough University. http://www.ftc-online.org.uk/publications/futurescan-2/
  5. Craig, A. D. (2009). Temperature Sensation. In L. R. Squire (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Neuroscience (pp. 903–907). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-008045046-9.01922-7
  6. Devendorf, L., Lo, J., Howell, N., Lee, J. L., Gong, N.-W., Karagozler, M. E., Fukuhara, S., Poupyrev, I., Paulos, E., & Ryokai, K. (2016). “I don’t Want to Wear a Screen”: Probing Perceptions of and Possibilities for Dynamic Displays on Clothing. Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 6028–6039. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858192
  7. Encyclopædia Britannica. (n.d.). Functional. Britannica Dictionary. Retrieved July 15, 2025, from https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/functional
  8. Ge, N., Shan, W., Liang, L., Deng, Y., & Wu, L. (2023). 3D printing of photochromic and thermochromic shape memory polymers for multi-functional applications. Materials Research Express, 10(9), 095701. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/acf279
  9. Harold, P. (2006). Philips Lumalive fabrics: Creating a magic lighting experience with textiles. Philips Research Password, 28, 6–10.
  10. Igini, M. (2023, August 21). 10 Concerning Fast Fashion Waste Statistics. Earth.Org. https://earth.org/statistics-about-fast-fashion-waste/
  11. Islam, T., Repon, Md. R., Salma, U. K., Haji, A., Hosen, M. I., Rahman, M., Shuva, I. B., & Islam, Md. T. (2025). A roadmap study of wearable electronic textile materials: A comprehensive review. Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, 8(6), 431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-025-01419-6
  12. Koo, H., Dunne, L., & Bye, E. (2013). Design Functions in Transformable Garments for Sustainability. International Textile and Apparel Association Annual Conference Proceedings, 70(1), Article 1. https://www.iastatedigitalpress.com/itaa/article/id/1977/
  13. Lang, C., & Wei, B. (2019). Convert one outfit to more looks: Factors influencing young female college consumers’intention to purchase transformable apparel. Fashion and Textiles, 6(1), 26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40691-019-0182-4
  14. Lee, J., & Lee, K. J. (2024). 3D Micropatterning With Thermochromic Polymer Microfiber. Advanced Materials Technologies, n/a(n/a), 2401344. https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202401344
  15. Lee, S., & Park, S. (2024). Optimizing washing conditions for smart fabrics: A comprehensive study. RSC Advances, 14(54), 40098–40116. https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA07365G
  16. Meena, J. S., Choi, S. B., Jung, S.-B., & Kim, J.-W. (2023). Electronic textiles: New age of wearable technology for healthcare and fitness solutions. Materials Today Bio, 19, 100565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100565
  17. Niinimäki, K., & Hassi, L. (2011). Emerging design strategies in sustainable production and consumption of textiles and clothing. Journal of Cleaner Production, 19(16), 1876–1883. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.04.020
  18. Orth, M. A. (Margaret A. (2001). Sculptured computational objects with smart and active computing materials [Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology]. https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/8674
  19. Orth, M. A. (Margaret A. (2009). 100 Electronic Art Years. http://www.maggieorth.com/art_100EAYears.html
  20. Peter, J. (2018, October 22). Transformable Fashion: The Biggest Sustainable Clothing Trend That Never Was. The Fashion Studies Journal. https://www.fashionstudiesjournal.org/longform/2018/9/15/transformable-fashion
  21. Quantis. (2018). Measuring Fashion: Insights from the Environmental Impact of the Global Apparel and Footwear Industries (p. 65). https://quantis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/measuringfashion_globalimpactstudy_full-report_quantis_cwf_2018a.pdf
  22. Sierra, B. (2025). The Psychology of Fast Fashion: Exploring the Complex Emotions that Fast Fashion Evokes in
  23. Consumers [Forum]. The Sustainable Fashion Forum. https://www.thesustainablefashionforum.com/pages/the-psychology-
  24. of-fast-fashion-exploring-the-complex-emotions-fast-fashion-evokes-in-consumers
  25. Takahashi, H., & Kim, J. (2019). 3D Printed Fabric: Techniques for Design and 3D Weaving Programmable Textiles. Proceedings of the 32nd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1145/3332165.3347896
  26. UniformMarket. (2024, June 19). Global Apparel Industry Statistics (2025) | UniformMarket. https://www.uniformmarket.com/statistics/global-apparel-industry-statistics
  27. United Nations Environment Programme. (2018, November 12). Putting the brakes on fast fashion. https://
  28. www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/putting-brakes-fast-fashion
  29. Varshney, P., & Swami, C. (2023). Promoting Sustainability in Apparel Design through a Modular Approach. 8(11).
  30. Vikarius R. (2021, April 15). The world’s first Hungarian-developed smart sailing apparel debuts | 878co. Hype&Hyper.
  31. https://hypeandhyper.com/the-worlds-first-hungarian-developed-smart-sailing-apparel-debuts-878co/
  32. Wang, C., Wang, L., Liu, X., Du, C., Ding, D., Jia, J., Yan, Y., & Wu, G. (2015). Carbon footprint of textile throughout its life cycle: A case study of Chinese cotton shirts. Journal of Cleaner Production, 108, 464–475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.05.127
  33. Zhang, X., Normand, A. L., Wood, D. J., & Henninger, D. C. E. (2025). Modular Fashion: Sustainable Potential and
  34. Challenges for the Industry.