Microtubule response to salt stress
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-2229Keywords:
maize, microtubules, programmed cell death, salt stress, TUNELAbstract
This study has aimed to investigate the relationship between salt stress, programmed cell death (PCD) and microtubule distribution in terms of duration and stress dose. PCD is an important mechanism that benefits living organisms throughout their lives. On the other hand, PCD is an indirect effect that reduces efficiency when it occurs under stress. In this research The maize (Zea mays) roots were exposed to salt stress with 0, 50, 100, 300 and 500 mM NaCl. The prepared paraffin sections of these five groups were subjected to DAPI (4-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) and TUNEL analysis to study the morphological changes caused by stress-induced nuclear degeneration. PCD was determined. Microtubule labeling analysis was performed on the tissues to determine whether there were stress-induced microtubule changes in these cells and disturbances were found; they exhibited aggregation, regional thickening, and random distribution around the nucleus and vacuole and under the cell wall. When all groups were evaluated, cells exposed to a salt concentration of 50 mM (even after 24 hours) were significantly less damaged than cells at other concentrations (100, 300, and 500 mM) at each time point. The rate of progression and spread to the whole tissue was significantly higher at 300 and 500 mM salt concentrations compared to the other groups. To reduce economic losses in salty soils, it is of great importance to fully investigate stress. The data that will emerge from our research, which is the subject of a small number of studies, will help to understand the mechanism of stress, microtubule and PCD.
Downloads
References
Akay HE, Öztürk İ, Sezer M, Bahadır C. 2019. Effects of different salt concentrations on germination and early seedling growth in sugar maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars. Turk J Agric For. 7(2):103-108. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7isp2.103-108.3160
Aydınoğlu F, Akgül B. 2021. Mısır (Zea mays L.) bitkisinin üşüme stresine toleransı sırasında yaprak büyüme bölgelerinde mikroRNA aracılıklı redoks regülasyonunun incelenmesi. Anadolu Tarım Dergisi. 2019:1–11. https://doi.org/10.7161/omuanajas.482710
Blancaflor EBD, Jones L, Gilroy S. 1998. Alterations in the cytoskeleton accompany aluminum-induced growth inhibition and morphological changes in primary roots of maize. Plant Physiol. 118(1):159–172. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.118.1.159
Borowiak MW, Nahaboo RM, Nekolla K, Jalinot P, Hasserodt J, Rehberg M, Delattre M, Zahler S, Vollmar A, Trauner D, Thorn-Seshold O.. 2015. Photo Switchable Inhibitors of Microtubule Dynamics Optically Control Mitosis and Cell Death. Cell. 162(2):403–411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2015.06.049
Bringmann, M., Li, E., Sampathkumar, A., Kocabek, T., Hauser, M. T., and Persson, S. 2012. POM-POM2/cellulose synthase interacting1 is essential for the functional association of cellulose synthase and microtubules in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 24:163–177. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.111.093575
Choudhury FKR, Rivero M, Blumwald E, Mittler R. 2017. Reactive oxygen species abiotic stress and stress combination. Plant J. 90(5):856–867. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.13299
Ciniglia C, Pinto G, Sansone C, Pollio A. 2010. Acridine orange/Ethidium bromide double staining test: A simple In-vitro assay to detect apoptosis induced by phenolic compounds in plant cells. Allelopathy J. 26(2):301–308.
Crowell, E. F., Timpano, H., Desprez, T., Franssen-Verheijen, T., Emons, A. M., Hofte, H., et al. 2011. Differential regulation of cellulose orientation at the inner and outer face of epidermal cells in the Arabidopsis hypocotyl. Plant Cell 23:2592–2605. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.111.08733
Farooq M, Hussain M, Wakeel A, Kadambot HMM, Farooq Hussain M, Wakeel A, Siddique K, HM, Farooq M, Hussain M, Wakeel A. 2016. Salt stress in maize:effects resistance mechanisms and management Agron. Sustain. Dev. 35:461–481. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-015-0287-0
Fischer K, Schopfer P. 1997. Interaction of auxin light and mechanical stress in orienting microtubules in relation to tropic curvature in the epidermis of maize coleoptiles. Protoplasma. 196(1–2):108–116. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01281064
Gladish D, Xu KJ, Niki T. 2006. Apoptosis-like programmed cell death occurs in procambium and ground meristem of pea (Pisum sativum) root tips exposed to sudden flooding. Ann Bot-London. 97(5):895–902. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcl040
Gunawardena AH. 2008. Programmed cell death and tissue remodeling in plants. 59(3):445–451. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erm189
Gutierrez, R., Lindeboom, J. J., Paredez, A. R., Emons, A. M., and Ehrhardt, D. W. 2009. Arabidopsis cortical microtubules position cellulose synthase delivery to the plasma membrane and interact with cellulose synthase trafficking compartments. Nat. Cell Biol. 11:797–806. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb1886
Hashimoto, T. 2015. Microtubules in plants. The Arabidopsis Book/American Society of Plant Biologists, 13. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BILE.0000012896.76432.ba
Huh G, Damsz HB, Matsumoto TK, Reddy MP, Rus AM, Ibeas JI, Narasimhan ML, Bressan RA, Hasegawa PM. 2002. Salt causes ion disequilibrium-induced Programmed cell death in yeast and plants. Plant J. 29:649–659. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0960-7412.2001.01247.x
Katsuhara M, Shibasaka M. 2000 Cell death and growth recovery of barley after transient salt stress. J. Plant Res. 113:239–243. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00013934
Khan MA, Ungar IA. 2001. Alleviation of salinity stress and the response to temperature in two seed morphs of Halopyrum mucronatum (Poaceae). Aust J Bot. 49(6):777-783. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00013934
Koyro HW, Ahmad P, Geissler N. 2012. Abiotic stress responses in plants: an overview. Environmental adaptations and stress tolerance of plants in the era of climate change, 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1071/BT01014
Kumagai F, Yoneda NA, Tomida T, Sano T, Nagata T, Hasezawa S. 2001. Fate of nascent microtubules organized at the M/G1 interface, as visualized by synchronized tobacco BY-2 cells stably expressing GFP-tubulin: time-sequence observations of the reorganization of cortical microtubules in living plant cells. Plant and Cell Physiol. 42(7):723-732. https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pce091
Landrein B, Hamant O. 2013. How mechanical stress controls microtubule behavior and morphogenesis in plants: History experiments and revisited theories. Plant J. 75(2):324–338. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.12188
Li W, Dickman MB. 2004 Abiotic stress induces apoptotic-like features in tobacco that is inhibited by expression of human Bcl-2. Biotechnol. Lett. 26:87–95. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BILE.0000012896.76432.ba
Li S, Lei L, Somerville CR, and Gu Y. 2012. Cellulose synthase interactive protein 1 (CSI1) links microtubules and cellulose synthase complexes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109:185–190. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1118560109
Lü B, Gong Z, Wang J, Zhang J, Liang J. 2007. Microtubule dynamics in relation to osmotic stress-induced ABA accumulation in Zea mays roots. J.Exp. Bot. 58(10):2565-2572.
Macar T. 2017. Genetiği değiştirilmiş (Transgenik) mısır (Zea mays L.) tohumlarında bazı biyokimyasal ve fizyolojik parametrelerin araştırılması. Doktora Tezi. Giresun Üniversitesi.
Mollinedo F, Gajate C. 2003. Microtubules microtubule-interfering agents and apoptosis. Apoptosis 8(5):413–450. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025513106330
Paredez AR. Somerville CR. and Ehrhardt DW. 2006. Visualization of cellulose synthase demonstrates functional association with microtubules. Science 312:1491–1495. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1126551
Petrov V, Hille J, Mueller-Roeber B, Gechev TS. 2015. ROS-mediated abiotic stress-induced programmed cell death in plants. Frontiers in Plant Science, 6:69. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00069
Rocha GL, Hernandez J. 2017. Programmed Cell Death-Related Proteases in Plants. Enzyme Inhibitors and Activators. book. https://dx.doi.org/10.5772/65938
Rouf ST, Prasad K, Kumar P. 2016. Maize—A potential source of human nutrition and health: A review. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 2(1):1166995. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2016.1166995
Rui Y and Dinneny JR. 2020. A wall with integrity: surveillance and maintenance of the plant cell wall under stress. New Phytologist, 225(4):1428-1439.https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16166
Rybaczek D, Musialek MW, Balcerczyk A. 2015. Caffeine-induced premature chromosome condensation results in the apoptosis-like programmed cell death in root meristems of Vicia faba. PLoS ONE 10(11):1–33. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142307
Salika R, Riffat J. 2021. Abiotic stress responses in maize: a review. Acta Physiologica Plantarum, 43(9):130.
Sampathkumar A, Gutierrez R, Mcfarlane H, Bringmann M, Lindeboom J, Emons AM. 2013. Patterning and life-time of plasma membrane localized cellulose synthase is dependent on actin organization in Arabidopsis interphase cells. Plant Physiol. 162:675–688. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.113.215277
Schweizer D. 1976. Reverse fluorescent chromosome banding with chromomycin and DAPI. Chromosoma. 58(4):307–324. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00292840
Smertenko A, and Franklin-Tong VE. 2011. Organisation and regulation of the cytoskeleton in plant programmed cell death. Cell Death & Differentiation, 18(8):1263-1270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2011.39
Stavropoulou K, Adamakis IDS, Panteris E, Arseni EM, Eleftheriou EP. 2018. Disruption of actin filaments in Zea mays by bisphenol A depends on their crosstalk with microtubules. Chemosphere 195:653–665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.099
Sychta K, Słomka A, Kuta E. 2021. Insights into Plant Programmed Cell Death Induced by Heavy Metals-Discovering a Terra Incognita. Cells. 10(1):65. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10010065
Tollenaar M, Lee EA. 2002. Yield potential, yield stability and stress tolerance in maize. Field crops research, 75(2-3):161-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(02)00024-2
Uetake YR, Peterson L. 1998. Association between microtubules and symbiotic fungal hyphae in protocorm cells of the orchid species Spiranthes sinensis. New Phyto. 140(4):715–722. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.1998.00310.x
Wang H, Li J, Bostock RM, Gilchrist DG. 1996. Apoptosis: a functional paradigm for programmed plant cell death induced by a host-selective phytotoxin and invoked during development. The Plant Cell. 8(3):375-391. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.8.3.375
Williams B, Dickman M. 2008. Plant programmed cell death: Can’t live with it; Can’t live without it. Mol. Plant. Path. 9(4):531–544. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1364-3703.2008.00473.x
Yadav S, Modi P, Dave A, Vijapura A, Patel D, Patel M. 2020. Effect of abiotic stress on crops. Sustainable crop production, 3.
Yanık F, Aytürk Ö, Vardar F. (2017). Programmed cell death evidence in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots induced by aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles. Caryologia, 70(2):112-119.https://doi.org/10.1080/00087114.2017.1286126
Yazdani M, Mahdieh M. 2012. Salinity Induced Apoptosis in Root Meristematic Cells of Rice. IJBBB. 40–43. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJBBB.2012.V2.66
Zhao S, Zhang Q, Liu M, Zhou H, Ma C, Wang P. 2021. Regulation of plant responses to salt stress. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(9):4609. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094609
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Emre Köseoğlu, Özlem Aytürk
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Copyright on any open access article in a journal published byCaryologia is retained by the author(s).
- Authors grant Caryologia a license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher.
- Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified.
- The Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 formalizes these and other terms and conditions of publishing articles.
- In accordance with our Open Data policy, the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Public Domain Dedication waiver applies to all published data in Caryologia open access articles.
