Clastogenic and cytotoxic effects of aerial parts’ aqueous extract of Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. on Wistar rat bone marrow cells

Abstract

Synedrella nodiflora is a traditionally used medicinal plant. The aim of the present study was to analyze the clastogenic and cytotoxic effects (CCEs) of aerial parts’ aqueous extract of S. nodiflora (AAESN) on Wistar rat bone marrow cells (WRBMCs). The CCEs of AAESN were analyzed with light and fluorescence microscopes respectively. The data indicate a dose-dependent (100-500 mg/kg body weight [bw]) increase in the aberrant cell frequencies, chromosomal structural aberrations and a significant (p<0.001) increase in apoptosis in the AAESN treated WRBMCs. The chromosomal aberration per 100 cells (apoptosis %) were calculated as 2.01±0.241 (5.02±1.72), 4.76±0.05 (46.73±2.34), 5.37±0.32 (66.92±2.92) and 6.58±0.14 (76.79±0.73) respectively for the AAESN doses of 0, 100, 300 and 500 mg/kg bw. In conclusion, the AAESN may contain phytochemicals with clastogenic and cytotoxic efficacy on WRBMCs, indicating, having the anticancer as well as carcinogenic potentials. Therefore, it demands further an elaborate study to explore the active principle(s) and a proper care should be taken while it is prescribed in traditional medicine.