Semantic Metadata and Lexical Standards for Architectural Heritage Documentation

Abstract

Digital technologies are becoming increasingly essential for documenting, conserving, and disseminating knowledge of cultural heritage. A notable transition from traditional archival methods to advanced digital representations is evident, particularly in the context of cultural heritage data. Metadata, functioning as descriptive information, is crucial in systematically organising data generated while developing digital representations of cultural heritage structures. It consistently requires a comprehensive metadata schema to effectively display architectural structures with their contextual richness and the different technologies used. Widely adopted metadata standards provide essential descriptive metadata; however, they often lack specific fields needed to capture detailed administrative-technical data of 3D models – such as acquisition methods, geometric details, and accuracy metrics – elements crucial for assessing the authenticity and scholarly value of these digital representations. Such digital structures need precise information about the technologies and processes used in their creation to ensure accuracy and interoperability. This study examines the need for a more comprehensive metadata schema designed explicitly for 3D models of architectural heritage, emphasizing the importance of a lexical standardization approach to represent its multifaceted nature. 3D documentation techniques, such as photogrammetry and laser scanning, produce a large volume of complex and multilayered data whose management requires structured descriptive systems. The proposed metadata schema aims to standardize the extensive volume of supporting data generated by these methodologies, thereby facilitating the creation of semantically rich metadata that enhances the accessibility and retrieval of heritage information.