First report of chromosome and karyological analysis of Gekko nutaphandi (Gekkonidae, Squamata) from Thailand: Neo-diploid chromosome number in genus Gekko

Authors

  • Weera Thongnetr Division of Biology, Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep, Bangkok 10120
  • Suphat Prasopsin Research Academic Supports Division, Mahidol University, Kanchanaburi Campus, Saiyok, Kanchanaburi 71150
  • Surachest Aiumsumang Biology program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Phetchabun Rajabhat University, Phetchabun 67000
  • Sukhonthip Ditcharoen Division of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120
  • Alongklod Tanomtong Program of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen 40002
  • Prayoon Wongchantra Center of Environmental Education Research and Training, Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies,Mahasarakham University 44150
  • Wutthisak Bunnaen Mahasarakham University Demonstration School (Secondary) Kham Riang Sub-District, Kantharawichai District, Maha Sarakham, 44150
  • Sumalee Phimphan Phimphan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1875

Keywords:

Chromosome, Gekko nutaphandi, Karyotype, Red-eyed Gecko

Abstract

The karyotypes of red-eyed Gecko are not reported yet. Herein, we describe the karyotypes of red-eyed Gecko (Gekko nutaphandi Bauer, Sumontha & Pauwels, 2008) from Thailand. Gecko chromosome preparations were directly conducted from bone marrow and testis. Chromosomal characteristics were analyzed by Giemsa staining, Ag-NOR banding as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using microsatellites d(GC)15 probe. The results showed that the number of diploid chromosomes is 2n=34, while the fundamental number (NF) is 46 in both males and females. The types of chromosomes were 4 large metacentric, 6 large submetacentric, 2 medium telocentric, 2 small metacentric and 20 small telocentric chromosomes. The results of conventional Giemsa staining presented the diploid chromosome number differentiation even in the same genus. NORs are located at the secondary constriction to the telomere on the long arm of chromosome pair 5. There are no sex differences in karyotypes between males and females. FISH with d(GC)15 sequences were also displayed at the telomeres of most other chromosomes. We found that during metaphase I the homologous chromosomes showed synapsis, which can be defined as 19 ring bivalents and 17 haploid chromosomes (n=17) at metaphase II as a diploid species. The karyotype formula is as follows: 2n (34) = L4m+L6sm+M2t+S2m+S20t.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Affonso PRAM, Galetti Jr PM. 2005. Chromosomal diversification of reef fishes from genus Centropyge (Perciformes, Pomacanthidae). Genetica 123: 227–233.

Bauer AM, Sumontha M, Pauwels SGO. 2008. A new red-eyed Gekko (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. Zootaxa 1750(1750): 32–42.

Chen J, Peng X, Yu D. 1986. Studies on the karyotype of three species of the genus Gekko. Acta Herpetologica Sinica 5: 24–29.

Chistiakov DA, Hellemans B, Volckaert FAM. 2006. Microsatellites and their genomic distribution, evolution, function and applications: a review with special reference to fish genetics. Aquaculture 255: 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.11.031

Ellegren H. 2004. Microsatellites: simple sequences with complex evolution. Nat Rev Genet 5: 435–445. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg1348

Getlekha N, Molina WF, Cioffi MB, Yano CF, Maneechot N, Bertollo LAC, Supiwong W, Tanomtong A. 2016. Repetitive DNAs highlight the role of chromosomal fusions in the karyotype evolution of Dascyllus species (Pomacentridae, Perciformes). Genetica 144(2): 203–211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-016-9890-5

Howell WM, Black DA. 1980. Controlled silver-staining of nucleolus organizer regions with a protective colloidal developer: a 1-step method. Experientia 36: 1014–1015.

Kawai A, Ishijima J, Nishida C, Kosaka A, Ota H, Kohno S, Matsuda Y. 2009. The ZW sex chromosomes of Gekko hokouensis (Gekkonidae, Squamata) represent highly conservedhomology with those of avian species. Chromosoma 118: 43–51.

Kluge, A.G. (1968) Phylogenetic relationships of the gekkonid lizard genera Lepidodactylus Fitzinger, Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, and Pseudogekko Taylor. Philippine Journal of Science, 95: 331–352.

Kubat Z, Hobza R, Vyskot B, Kejnovsky E. 2008. Microsatellite accumulation in the Y chromosome of Silene latifolia. Genome 51: 350–356.

Lau MW, Ota H, Bogadek A. 1997. Chromosomes polymorphismand karyotype of Gekko chinensis (Tokaynidae: Reptilia) from Hong Kong. J Herpetol 31: 137–139.

Nirchio M, Turner BJ, Perez JE, Gaviria JI, Cequea H. 2002. Karyotypes of three species of toadfish (Batrachoididae: Teleostei) from Venezuela. Sci Mar 66(1): 1–4.

Ota H. 1989a. Karyotypes of five species of Gekko (Gekkonidae: Lacertilia) from East and Southeast Asia. Herpetologica 45(4): 438-443.

Ota H. 1989b. A review of the geckos (Lacertilia: Reptilia) of the Ryukyu Archipelago and Taiwan. In: Matsui M, Hikida T, Goris RC. (eds.). Current Herpetology in East Asia. Herpetological Society of Japan, Kyoto.

Ota H, Hikida T, Matsui M, Mori A. 1990. Karyotype of Gekko monarchus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Sarawak, Malaysia. Japanese Journal of Herpetology 13: 136–138.

Ota H, Nabhitabhata J. 1991. A new species of Gekko (Gekkonidae: Squamata) from Thailand. Copeia 1991: 503–509.

Patawang I, Tanomtong A, Jumrusthanasan S, Kakampuy W, Neeratanaphan L, Pinthong K. 2014. Chromosomal characteristics of NORs and karyological analysis of tokay gecko, Gekko gecko (Gekkonidae, Squamata) from mitotic and meiotic cell division. Cytologia 79(3): 315–324.

Pinkel D, Straume T, Gray J. 1986. Cytogenetic analysis using quantitative, high sensitivity, fluorescence hybridization. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 83: 2934–2938. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.83.9.2934

Qin XM, Li HM, Zeng ZH, Zeng DL, Guan QX. 2012. Genetic variation and differentiation of Gekko gecko from different populations based on mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences and karyotypes. Zoological Science 29: 384–389.

Russell AP. 1972. The Foot of Gekkonid Lizards: A Study in Comparative and Functional Anatomy. [Dissertation]. University of London, London.

Singh L. 1974. Study of mitotic and meiotic chromosomes in seven species of lizards. Proceedings of the Zoological Society 27: 57–79.

Solleder E, Schmid M. 1984. XX/XY sex chromosomes in Gekko gecko (Sauria, Reptilia). Amphibia-Reptilia 5: 339–345.

Srikulnath K, Uno Y, Nishida C, Ota H, Matsuda Y. 2015. Karyotype reorganization in the Hokou Gecko (Gekko hokouensis, Gekkonidae): The Process of Microchromosome Disappearance in Gekkota. PLoS ONE. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0134829

Shibaike Y, Takahashi Y, Arikura I, Iiizumi R, Kitakawa S, Sakai M, Imaoka C, Shiro H, Tanaka H, Akakubo N, Nakano M, Watanabe M, Ohne K, Kubota S, Kohno S, Ota H. 2009. Chromosome evolution in the lizard genus Gekko (Gekkonidae, Squamata, Reptilia) in the East Asian islands. Cytogenet Genome Res 127: 182–190.

Solleder E, Schmid M. 1984. XX/XY sex chromosomes in Gekko gecko (Sauria, Reptilia). Amphibia-Reptilia 5: 339–345.

Tautz D, Renz M.1984. Simple sequences are ubiquitous repetitive components of eukaryotic genomes. Nucleic Acids Res 25: 4127–4138. https://doi. org/10.1093/nar/12.10.4127

Thongnetr W, Aiumsumang S, Tanomtong A, Phimphan S. 2022. Classical chromosome features and microsatellites repeat in Gekko petricolus (Reptilia, Gekkonidae) from Thailand. Caryologia 75(2): 79–86.

Trifonov VA, Giovannotti M, O’Brien PCM, Wallduck M, Lovell F, Rens W, Parise-Maltempi PP, Caputo V, Ferguson-Smith MA. 2011. Chromosomal evolution in Gekkonidae. I. Chromosome painting between Gekko and Hemidactylus species reveals phylogenetic relationships within the group. Chromosome Res 19: 843–855.

Turpin R, Lejeune J. 1965. Les Chromosomes Humains. Gauther Villars, Paris.

Wu G, Zhao E. 1984. Studies on karyotypes of Gekko gecko and Gekko subpalmatus. Acta Herpetologica Sinica 3: 61–64.

Yoshida M, Itoh M. 1974. Karyotype of the gecko, Gekko japonicus. Chromosome Information Service 17: 29–31.

Yüksel E, Gaffaro?lu M. 2008. The analysis of nucleolar organizer regions in Chalcalburnus mossulensis (Pisces: Cyprinidae). Journal of Fisheriessciences.com 2: 587–591.

Downloads

Published

2023-04-28

How to Cite

Thongnetr, W., Prasopsin, S., Aiumsumang, S., Ditcharoen, S., Tanomtong, A., Wongchantra, P., Bunnaen, W., & Phimphan, S. (2023). First report of chromosome and karyological analysis of Gekko nutaphandi (Gekkonidae, Squamata) from Thailand: Neo-diploid chromosome number in genus Gekko. Caryologia, 75(4). https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1875

Issue

Vol. 75 No. 4 (2022)

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2022 Weera Thongnetr, Suphat Prasopsin, Surachest Aiumsumang, Sukhonthip Ditcharoen, Alongklod Tanomtong, Prayoon Wongchantra, Wutthisak Bunnaen, Sumalee Phimphan

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

  • Copyright on any open access article in a journal published byCaryologia is retained by the author(s).
  • Authors grant Caryologia a license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher.
  • Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified.
  • The Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 formalizes these and other terms and conditions of publishing articles.
  • In accordance with our Open Data policy, the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Public Domain Dedication waiver applies to all published data in Caryologia open access articles.

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >>