Species delimitation in the genus Cousinia Cass. (Family Asteraceae), sections Cynaroideae Bunge and Platyacanthae Rech. f.: morphometry and molecular analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13128/caryologia-275Keywords:
Cousinia, Cynaroideae, ISSR, morphometryAbstract
The genus Cousinia Cass. of the tribe Cardueae with about 700 species is one of the most diverse genera in Central and SW Asia. Section Cynaroides Bunge with 89 species is the largest section of the genus.Due to controversy in the number of Cousinia species and their delineation, the first step in studying the genus is to identify and delimit presumed species. Species delimitation is usually difficult in the species with overlaps in their morphological features. We therefore, used a combination of morphological and molecular markers (ISSRs) to carry out delimitation in 204 taxa of 68 Cousinia species sections Cynaroideae Bunge and Platyacanthae Rech. f.. The species delineation based on morphometry and ISSR data were done by UPGMA clustering. The samples of each species were placed close to each other and formed a single sub-cluster, separated from the other studied Cousinia species. This clearly reveals application of ISSR molecular markers in taxonomy and species differentiation. Based on ISSR and morphological data, the members of two sections Cynaroideae Bunge and Platyacanthae Rech. f. are separated from each other. The Mantel test performed between morphological distance and Nei genetic distance produced non-significant correlation. This result also supports distance analyses of the trees and reveals that the two dendrograms are not correlated. One of the possible causes of this discordance between the two morphological and genetic trees can be reticulation and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) between closely related species.
Downloads
References
Asaadi M, Mehregan I. 2017. Flora of Iran. No. 125: (Asteraceae: Cousinia).
Attar F, Ghahreman A. 2006. A synopsis of sect. Cynaroides (Cousinia, Compositae), distribution patterns and diversity centers. Rostaniha 7 (Supplement 2): 315-342.
Attar F, Djavadi SB. 2010. A taxonomic revision of Cousinia, sect. Cynaroides (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in the flora of Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany. 16 (1): 130-184.
Boc A, Diallo AB, Makarenkov V. 2012. T-REX: a web server for inferring, validating and visualizing phylogenetic trees and networks. Nucleic Acid. Res. 40: 573-579
Djavadi SB, Attar F, Eskandari M. 2007. Cousinia papilosa, A new species from eastern Iran, Including chromosome count and palynological studies. Rostaniha. Vol. 8 (2).
Duminil J, Di Michele M. 2009. Plant species delimitation: a comparison of morphological and molecular markers. Plant Biosyst. 143: 528-542.
Eftekharian R, Sheidai M, Attar F, Noormohammadi Z. 2018. Molecular and morphological study of the genus Senecio L. (Asteraceae: Senecioneae) in Iran. Genetika. 50(2): 403-419.
Freeland JR, Kirk H, Peterson SD. 2011. Molecular Ecology, second ed. Wiley-Blackwell, UK, p. 449.
Godwin ID, Aitken EAB, Smith LW. 1997. Application of inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers to plant genetics. Electrophoresis. 18: 1524-1528. doi:10.1002/elps.1150180906.
Haffner E. 2000. On the phylogeny of the subtribe Carduinae (tribe Cardueae, Compositae). Englera 21.
Hammer Ø, Harper DAT, Ryan PD. 2012. PAST: Paleontological Statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica. 4: 9.
Knapp HD. 1987. On the distribution of the genus Cousinia (Compositae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 155: 15-25.
Lopez-Vinyallonga S, Mehregan I, Garcia-Jacas N, Tscherneva O, Susanna A, Kadereit JW. 2009. Phylogeny and evolution of the Arctium-cousinia complex (compositae, cardueae-caruinae). Taxon. 58: 153-171.
Mabberley DJ. 1990. The plant book. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University.
Mehregan I, Kadereit JW. 2009. The role of hybridization in the evolution of Cousinia s.str. (Asteraceae, Cardueae). Willdenowia. 39(1): 35-47.
Minaeifar A, Sheidai M, Attar F, Noormohammadi Z, Ghasemzadeh- Baraki S. 2016. Biosystematic study in the genus Cousinia Cass. (Asteraceae), section Cousinia. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 69: 252-260.
Murray MG, Thompson WF. 1980. Rapid isolation of high molecular weight plant DNA. Nucleic Acid. Res.. 8: 4321-4325.
Peakall R, Smouse PE. 2006. GENALEX 6: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research. Molecular Ecology Notes. 6: 288-295.
Podani J. 2000. Introduction to the Exploration of Multivariate Data. Backhuyes: Leiden; p. 407.
Rechinger KH. 1972. Compositae-Cynareae I. Cousinia in K. H. Rechinger (ed.). Flora Iranica, no. 90. Graz, Austria.
Rechinger KH. 1979. Compositae III-Cynareae. Cousinia in K. H. Rechinger (ed.). Flora Iranica, no. 139A: 108-153. Graz, Austria.
Rechinger KH. 1986. Cousinia: morphology, taxonomy, distribution and phytogeographical implication. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 89 B: 45-58.
Safaei M, Sheidai M, Alijanpoor B, Noormohammadi Z. 2016. Species delimitation and genetic diversity analysis in Salvia with the use of ISSR molecular markers. Acta Bot. Croat. 75: 45-52.
Sheidai M, Seif E, Nouroozi M, Noormohammadi Z. 2012. Cytogenetic and molecular diversity of Cirsium arvense (Asteraceae) populations in Iran. J. Jap. Bot. 87: 193-205.
Sheidai M, Zanganeh S, Haji- Ramezanali R, Nouroozi M, Noormohammadi Z, Ghasemzadeh- Baraki S. 2013. Genetic diversity and population structure in four Cirsium (Asteraceae) species. Biologia. 68: 384?397.
Susanna A, Garcia-Jacas N, Vilatersana R, Garnatje T. 2003. Generic boundaries and evolution of characters in the Arctium group: a nuclear and chloroplast DNA analysis. Collectanea Botanica, Barcelona. 26: 101-118.
Susanna A, Garcia-Jacas N. 2006 [2007]. Tribe Cardueae Cass. (1819) Pp. 123-147 in Kadereit J. W. & Jeffrey C. (volume ed.), the families and genera of vascular plants 8. - Berlin, etc.
Weising K, Nybom H, Wolff K, Kahl G. 2005. DNA Fingerprinting in Plants. Principles, Methods, and Applications, second ed.472. CRC Press, Boca Rayton, Fl., USA, pp. 1-17. 37.
Wiens JJ. 2007. Species delimitation: new approaches for discovering diversity. Syst. Biol. 56: 875-878.
Zare M, Khosravi AR, Joharchi MR. 2013. Distribution patterns of the genus Cousinia (Asteraceae) in Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany. 19 (1): 127-141.
Zhang Q, Feild TS, Antonelli A. 2015. Assessing the impact of phylogenetic incongruence on taxonomy, floral evolution, biogeographical history, and phylogenetic diversity. American Journal of Botany. 102(4): 566-580.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Neda Atazadeh, Masoud Sheidai, Farideh Attar, Fahimeh Koohdar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Copyright on any open access article in a journal published byCaryologia is retained by the author(s).
- Authors grant Caryologia a license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher.
- Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified.
- The Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 formalizes these and other terms and conditions of publishing articles.
- In accordance with our Open Data policy, the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Public Domain Dedication waiver applies to all published data in Caryologia open access articles.
