Vol. 5 No. 1 (2021)
Historical Articles

The Eminent Russian – German Chemist Friedrich Konrad Beilstein (1838-1906) in the Literature between the 19th and 21st Centuries

Aleksander Sztejnberg
University of Opole, Poland
Bio

Published 2021-03-01

Keywords

  • F. K. Beilstein,
  • Organic Chemistry,
  • Beilstein Test,
  • Handbuch der organischen Chemie,
  • Russia & Germany,
  • XIX Century
  • ...More
    Less

How to Cite

Sztejnberg, A. (2021). The Eminent Russian – German Chemist Friedrich Konrad Beilstein (1838-1906) in the Literature between the 19th and 21st Centuries. Substantia, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.36253/Substantia-1097

Abstract

Friedrich Konrad Beilstein (1838-1906) was one of the most prominent chemists of the second half of the nineteenth century. His life and scientific achievements were described in the literature published between the 19th and 21st centuries in different countries. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the important events in the life of Beilstein and his research activities, in particular some of his experimental research results, as well as his selected publications. In addition, the names of authors of biographies or biographical notes about Beilstein, published in 1890-2018 are presented.

References

  1. H. C. Bolton, Science, New Series. 1899, 10(259), p. 869. http://doi.org/10.1126/science.10.259.865
  2. L. A. Shmulevich, Yu. S. Musabekov, Fedor Fedorovich Beil'shtein (1834 – 1906), Izdatel'stvo “Nauka”, Moskva, 1971, p. 65 (in Russian).
  3. M. A. Blokh, Biograficheskiy spravochnik. Vydayushchiyesya khimiki i uchenyye XIX i XX stoletii, rabotavshiyye v smezhnykh s khimiiyeyu oblastyakh nauki ?om II (Biographical Reference Book. Outstanding Chemists and Scientists of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, Working in Areas of Science Adjacent to Chemistry), Lenkhimsektor, Leningrad, 1931, p. 39 (in Russian). Retrieved from http://books.e-heritage.ru/book/10073686
  4. E. H. Huntress, J. Chem. Educ. 1938, 15(7), p. 303. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed015p303
  5. Fr. Beilstein, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1856, 99(2), 165-197. https://doi.org/10.1002/jlac.18560990203
  6. Fr. Beilstein, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1858, 107(2), 176-191. https://doi.org/10.1002/jlac.18581070206
  7. Fr. C. Beilstein aus Russland, Ueber das Murexid. Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlang, der Philos.-Doctor-Würde, Göttingen 1858.
  8. P. I. Walden in Materialy dlya biograficheskogo slovarya deystvitel'nykh chlenov Imperatorskoy Akademii Nauk, Ch.1: A-L (Materials for the Biographical Dictionary of Full Members of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, Part 1: A-L.), Tipografiya Imperatorskoy Akademii Nauk, Petrograd, 1915, p. 26 (in Russian). Retrieved from Elektronnaya biblioteka BELINKI website: http://elib.uraic.ru/handle/123456789/34011
  9. P. Alekseyev in Kritiko-Biograficheskiy Slovar' Russkikh Pisateley I Uchenykh (Ot Nachala Russkoy Obrazovannosti Do Nashikh Dney). T. 2, vyp. 22-30 (Critical and Biographical Dictionary of Russian Writers and Scientists (From the Beginning of Russian Education to the Present Day)). T. 2, No. 22-30. (Ed.: S. A. Vengerov), Semenovskaya Tipolitografiya (I. A. Yefrona), Sankt-Peterburg, 1890, p. 347 (in Russian). Retrieved from Elektronnaya Biblioteka BELINKI website: http://elib.uraic.ru/handle/123456789/16219
  10. F. F. Beil'shtein, A. K. Krupskiy, Fabrichnaya khimicheskaya promyshlennost' zapadno-yevropeyskikh stran na vsemirnoy vystavke v Vene 1873 goda. Sankt-Peterburg, 1874.
  11. F. Beilstein, Die chemische Grossindustrie auf der Weltaustellung zu Wien im Jahre 1873, Verlag Von Quandt und Händel, Leipzig, 1873.
  12. th Anniversary of Berlin Academy. 1900. Public Domain. Retrieved from Wikimedia Commons website: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Portrait_photographs_of_Dmitri_Mendeleev#/media/File:200_y_Anniversary_of_Berlin_Academy_1900.jpg
  13. B. Harrow, Eminent Chemists of Our Time, D. Van Nostrand Company, New York, 1920, p. 8. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/eminentchemistso00harruoft/page/n7/mode/2up?q=
  14. F. G. Donnan, Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society, 1948, 5(16), 666-687. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/768764
  15. Obituary. Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1912, 45(3), 3597-3644. https://doi.org/10.1002/cber.191204503118
  16. G. B. Kauffman, Platinum Metals Rev. 1992, 36(4), 217-223. Retrieved from https://www.technology.matthey.com/article/36/4/217-223/
  17. G. B. Kauffman, L. NiiNistö, Chem. Educat. 1998, 3, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00897980208a
  18. R. Pribram, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1911, 44(3), 3337-3394. https://doi.org/10.1002/cber.191104403209
  19. K.Volke, Chem. Unserer Zeit. 2004, 38(5), 360-361. https://doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.200490078
  20. A. E. H.Tutton, Nature. 1925, 115 (2888), 343-345. https://doi.org/10.1038/115343a0
  21. Jacobus H. van't Hoff, Biographical in Nobel Lectures Chemistry 1901-1921, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1966. Retrieved from The Nobel Prize website: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1901/hoff/biographical/
  22. T. C. Chaudhuri, Sir William Ramsay as a Scientist and Man, Medical Publishers, Calcutta, 1918. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/sirwilliamramsay00chauuoft
  23. A. Sztejnberg, Rev. CENIC Cienc. Quím. 2018, 49, 1-13. Retrieved from https://ojs3.cnic.cu/index.php/RevQuim/article/view/224
  24. G. Boeck, R. Zott, Chem. Unserer Zeit. 2007, 41(1), 12-20. http://doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.200700406
  25. Adolf von Baeyer, Biographical in Nobel Lectures Chemistry 1901-1921, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1966. Retrieved from The Nobel Prize website: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1905/baeyer/biographical/
  26. G. B. Kauffman, E. Molayem, Ambix, 1990, 37(1), 20-34. http://doi.org/10.1179/amb.1990.37.1.20
  27. V. N. Ipatiev, Zhizn’ Odnogo Khimika. Vospominaniya. Tom. 1:1867-1917, Opublikovano avtorom, N’yu-York [The Life of One Chemist. Memories. Vol. 1: 1867-1917, Published by the author, New York], 1945, p. 319. (in Russian). Retrieved from https://vtoraya-literatura.com/pdf/ipatiev_zhizn_odnogo_khimika_vospominaniya_tom1_1945_text.pdf
  28. N. N. Beketov, Zh. Russ. Fiz.-Khim. O-va. 1906, 38, 1279-1280.
  29. A. Gautier, Bull. Soc. Chim. 1906, pp. I-III. Retrieverd from https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5499755m/f1389.item.r=
  30. O. N. Witt, Ber. Dtch. Chem. Ges. 1906, 39(4), 3551-3555. https://doi.org/10.1002/cber.19060390402
  31. E. Hjelt, Ber. Dtch. Chem. Ges. 1907, 40(4), 5041-5078. https://doi.org/10.1002/cber.190704004180
  32. O. N. Witt, J. Chem. Soc., Trans. 1911, 99, 1646-1649. https://doi.org/10.1039/CT9119901646
  33. O. Lutz, Angew. Chem. 1906, 19(50), 2058-2060. https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.19060195004
  34. Fr. Beilstein, Compt. Rend. 1859, 48, 1121-1122. Retrieved from https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k30054/f1117.item.r
  35. J. Wilbrand, F. Beilstein, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1863, 128(3), 257-273. https://doi.org/10.1002/jlac.18631280302
  36. F. Beil'shtein, Zh. Russ. Khim. O-va. 1872, 4, 308, 358–359.
  37. F. Beilstein, Ber. Dtch. Chem. Ges. 1872, 5(2), 620-621. https://doi.org/10.1002/cber.18720050209
  38. Quoted in E. Farber, Isis, 1970, 61(3), p. 383. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.com/stable/229689
  39. F. Beil'shtein, Rukovodstvo k kachestvennomu khimicheskomu analizu, Tipografiya Tovarishchestva Obshchestvennaya Pol'za, Sankt-Peterburg, 1867 (in Russian). Retrieved from Elektronnaya biblioteka GPNTB Rossii website: http://193.233.14.50/reader/flipping/Resource-895/Beyl--shteyn_F._Rukovodstvo_kachestvennomu_khimicheskomu_analizu/index.html
  40. M. D. Gordin, Isis, 2012, 103, p. 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/664980
  41. F. Beilstein, Anleitung zur qualitativen chemischen Analyse. Zweite Umgearbeitete Auflage. Verlag Von Quandt & Händel, Leipzig, 1870. Retrieved from https://goobi.tib.eu/viewer/image/837318343/6/
  42. H. C. Bolton, A select bibliography of chemistry, 1492-1892, Smithsonian Institution, City of Washington, 1893, p. 1171. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/selectbibliograp00boltuoft/page/1212/mode/2up
  43. F. Beilstein, Inleiding Tot De Qualitatieve Chemische Analyse (Trans. H. IJssel de Scheppe), Bij G. Brouwer, Te Deventer, 1868. Retrieved from https://books.google.pl/books?id=60C9EpX3IkAC&printsec=frontcover&hl
  44. F. Beilstein, A Manual of Qualitative Chemical Analysis, (Trans. W. Ramsay), London, Glasgow, William Collins, Sons, & Company, 1873. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/b21497242/page/n5/mode/2up
  45. F. Beilstein, An Introduction to Qualitative Chemical Analysis (Trans. I. J. Osbun), Van Nostrand, New York, 1876.
  46. F. Beilstein, Manuel D'Analyse Chimique Qualitative (Trans. A. Buisine, P. Buisine), Elie Masson, Lille, 1882. Retrieved from https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3067731c
  47. F. Beilstein, Lessons in Qualitative Chemical Analysis (Trans. C.O. Curtman), Saint Louis (Mo.), St. Louis Stationery & Book Co., 1883. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/b21498532/page/n5/mode/2up
  48. F. Beil'shtein, Rukovodstvo k kolichestvennomu analizu, Tipografiya Tovarishchestva Obshchestvennaya Pol'za, St. Petersburg, 1868 (in Russian).
  49. F. Beil'shtein, L. Yu. Jawein, Rukovodstvo k kachestvennomu i kolichestvennomu khimicheskomu analizu, St. Petersburg, 1890.
  50. A. K. Krupskiy, Russkaya Chast' Khimicheskoy Bibliografii (Dolozheno v zasedanii fiziko-matematicheskogo otdeleniya 5-go Oktyabrya 1896 g.) (The Russian Part of the Chemical Bibliography: (Reported at a Meeting of the Physics and Mathematics Department on October 5, 1896), Tipografiya Imperatorskoy Akademii Nauk, Sankt-Peterburg, 1900, p. 4 (in Russian). Retrieved from Elektronnaya biblioteka BELINKI website: http://elib.uraic.ru/handle/123456789/16183
  51. H.C. Bolton, A Select Bibliography of Chemistry 1492-1897. First Supplement, Smithsonian Institution, City of Washington, 1899, p. 228. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/selectbibliograp01boltuoft/page/ii/mode/2up
  52. F. Beilstein, A. Kurbatow, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1880, 13(2), 1818-1821.https://doi.org/10.1002/cber.188001302143
  53. F. Beilstein, A. Kurbatow, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1881, 14(2), 1620-1622. https://doi.org/10.1002/cber.18810140211
  54. F. F. Beil'shtein, A. A. Kurbatov, Zh. Russ. Fiz.-Khim. O-va. 1883, 15, 15-32.
  55. F. Beilstein, A. Kurbatow, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1880, 13(2), 2028-2029. https://doi.org/10.1002/cber.188001302182
  56. S. Zamecki, Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki, 1974, 19(1), p. 163 (in Polish). Retrieved from http://bazhum.muzhp.pl/czasopismo/6/?idno=5951
  57. F. Richter, J. Chem. Educ. 1938, 15(7), p. 311. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed015p310
  58. P. Jacobson, Naturwissenschaften, 1919, 7, p. 223. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01591603
  59. S. R. Heller in The Beilstein Online Database. Implementation, Content, and Retrieval, (Ed.: S. R. Heller), American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1990, p. 2. Retrieved from https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/bk-1990-0436.ch001
  60. F. Beilstein, Handbuch der organischen Chemie, Zweite, Gänzlich Umgearbeitete Auflage. Erster Band. Verlag von Leopold Voss, Hamburg, Leipzig, 1886. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/handbuchderorgan01abeil/
  61. F. Beilstein, Handbuch der organischen Chemie, Zweite, Gänzlich Umgearbeitete Auflage. Zwieter Band. Verlag von Leopold Voss, Hamburg, Leipzig, 1888. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/handbuchsderorgan02beil
  62. F. Beilstein, Handbuch der organischen Chemie, Zweite, Gänzlich Umgearbeitete Auflage. Dritter Band. Verlag von Leopold Voss, Hamburg, Leipzig, 1890. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/handbuchderorgan03beil
  63. E. Roussanova, Ausstellung zum 100. Todestag von Friedrich Konrad Beilstein (1838-1906), 2007, p. 257. Mitteilungen, Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker, Bd 19. Retrieved from https://www.gdch.de/fileadmin/downloads/Netzwerk_und_Strukturen/Fachgruppen/Geschichte_der_Chemie/Mitteilungen_Band_19/2007-19-18.pdf
  64. F. Beilstein, Handbuch der organischen Chemie, Dritte, Umgearbeitete Auflage. Erster Band. Verlag von Leopold Voss, Hamburg, Leipzig, 1893. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/handbuchderorgan01beil/page/n3/mode/2up
  65. F. Beilstein, Handbuch der organischen Chemie, Dritte, Umgearbeitete Auflage. Zweiter Band. Verlag von Leopold Voss, Hamburg, Leipzig, 1896. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/handbuchderorgan02abeil
  66. F. Beilstein, Handbuch der organischen Chemie, Dritte, Umgearbeitete Auflage. Dritter Band. Verlag von Leopold Voss, Hamburg, Leipzig, 1897. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/handbuchsderorga03abeil/page/n5/mode/2up
  67. F. Beilstein, Handbuch der Organischen Chemie, Dritte Umgearbeitete Auflage, Vierter Band, Verlag Von Leopold Voss, Hamburg und Leipzig, 1899. Retrieved from Spravochnik Beil'shteina website: http://chemistry-chemists.com/chemister/Spravochnik-Beilstein/Beilsteins-Handbuch0-04-1899.djvu
  68. F. Beilstein, Ergänzungsbände Zur Dritten Auflage des Handbuchs der organischen Chemie. Redigiert von Paul Jasobson. Erster Ergänzungsbänd, Eigenthum Der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft, Verlag von Leopold Voss, Hamburg, 1901. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/handbuchsderorga01beil/page/n5/mode/2up
  69. F. Beilstein, Ergänzungsbände Zur Dritten Auflage des Handbuchs der organischen Chemie. Redigiert von Paul Jasobson. Zweiter Ergänzungsbänd, Eigenthum Der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft, Verlag von Leopold Voss, Hamburg, 1903. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/handbuchderorgan02beil/page/n5/mode/2up
  70. F. Beilstein, Ergänzungsbände Zur Dritten Auflage des Handbuchs der organischen Chemie. Redigiert von Paul Jasobson. Dritter Ergänzungsbänd, Eigenthum Der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft, Verlag von Leopold Voss, Hamburg, 1904. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/handbuchsderorga03beil
  71. F. Beilstein, Ergänzungsbände Zur Dritten Auflage des Handbuchs der organischen Chemie. Redigiert von Paul Jasobson. Vierter Ergänzungsbänd, Eigenthum Der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft, Verlag von Leopold Voss, Hamburg, 1906. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/handbuchsderorga04beil/page/n5/mode/2up
  72. F. Beilstein, Ergänzungsbände Zur Dritten Auflage des Handbuchs der organischen Chemie. Redigiert von Paul Jasobson. Fünfter Ergänzungsbänd, Eigenthum Der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft, Verlag von Leopold Voss, Hamburg, 1906. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/handbuchsderorga05beil
  73. H. Götze, Springer-Verlag. History of a Scientific Publishing House. Part 2:1945-1992. Rebulding, Opening Frontiers, Securing the Future (Trans. M. Schäfer), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1996, p. 53.
  74. Beilstein Institut. 2020. History. p. 1. Retrieved from Beilstein Institute website: https://www.beilstein-institut.de/en/about-us/history/
  75. C. Kettner, Die Geschichte des Beilstein-Instituts. 2007, p. 18. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20170320144203/https://www.chemie.uni-hamburg.de/bibliothek/Institutsgeschichte_Beilstein.pdf
  76. F. Richter, Angew. Chem. 1925, 38(48), 1096-1098. https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.19250384807
  77. F. Richter, Agnew. Chem. 1958, 70(10), 279-284. https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.19580701002
  78. R. Luckenbach, J. Sunkel, Naturwissenschaften, 1981, 68(2), 53-55. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01047222
  79. Val'den Pavel (Paul') Ivanovich (latysh. Pauls Valdens / nem. Paul Walden). 2017. Retrieved from Arkhivy Rossiyskoy Akademii Nauk website: http://isaran.ru/?q=ru/person&guid=ECE36A00-C62E-C451-34C2-226AE6BBE6AD&str
  80. G. Boeck, ChemText, 2019, 5(6), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40828-019-0080-9
  81. F. Richter, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1938, 71(2A), A35-A55. https://doi.org/10.1002/cber.19380710250
  82. F. Richter, Agnew. Chem. 1938, 51(7), 101-107. https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.19380510702
  83. H. M. Smith, Torchbearers of Chemistry. Portraits and Brief Biographies of Scientists Who Have Contributed to the Making of Modern Chemistry, Academic Press, Inc., Publishers, New York, 1949, p. 26.
  84. J. R. Partington, A History of Chemistry. Volume Four, Macmillan & Company Limited, London, 1964, pp. 797-798.
  85. Yu. S.Musabekov , L. A. Shmulevich, Voprosy Istorii Yestestvoznaniya i Tekhniki AN SSSR. 1969, 3(28), 61-68 (in Russian).
  86. O. Krätz, Chem. Unserer Zeit. 1970, 4(4), 115-119. https://doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19700040404
  87. See ref. 2 for details.
  88. F. K. Velichko, Priroda, 1972, 8, 118-120. Retrieved from https://www.twirpx.com/file/1117980/
  89. R. Luckenbach, Chem. Unserer Zeit. 1981, 15(2), 47-51. https://doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19810150204
  90. M. D. Gordin, Chem. Heritage, 2003/4, 21(4), pp. 10-11, pp. 32-36.
  91. M. D. Gordin in Pedagogy and the Practice of Science: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives, (Ed.: D. Kaiser), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2005, pp. 11-39.
  92. E. Roussanova, „Deshalb ist mir um meinen Ruhm nicht bange …?”. Zum 100. Todestag des deutsch-russischen Chemikers Friedrich Konrad Beilstein (1838–1906). Begleitheft zur Ausstellung in der Bereichsbibliothek Chemie (BBN) der Niedersächsischen Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttngen vom 26. Oktober bis 27. November 2006 und in der Bibliothek des Departements Chemie der Universität Hamburg vom 8. bis 22. Dezember 2006, Books on Demand GmbH, Norderstedt, 2006.
  93. E. Roussanova, Friedrich Konrad Beilstein—Chemiker zweier Nationen: Sein Leben und Werk sowie einige Aspekte der deutsch-russischen Wissenschaftsbeziehungen in der zweiten Häalfte des 19. Jahrhunderts im Spiegel seines brieflichen Nachlasses. Band II. Briefe und Dokumente. (Friedrich Konrad Beilstein — Chemist of Two Nations: His life and work as well as some aspects of the German-Russian scientific relationship in the second half of the 19th century in the mirror of his letters. Volume II. Letters and documents). Books on Demand GmbH, Norderstedt, 2007.
  94. D. E. Lewis, Early Russian Organic Chemists and Their Legacy, Springer, Heidelberg, New York, Dordrecht, London, 2012.
  95. K. Müller in Important Figures of Analytical Chemistry from Germany in Brief Biographies. From the Middle Ages to the Twentieth Century, (D. T. Burns, R. K. Müller, R. Salzer, G. Werner), Springer, Cham, Heidelberg, New York, Dordrecht, London, 2014, pp. 69-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12151-2
  96. Yu. A. Zolotov, Ocherki istorii analiticheskoy khimii, Tehnosfera, Moskva, 2018 (in Russian).
  97. Beil'shtein Fedor Fedorovich (Fridrikh Konrad) (Friedrich Konrad Beilstein), 2017, (in Russian). Retrieved from Arkhivy Rossiyskoy akademii nauk website: http://isaran.ru/?q=ru/person&guid=F51DD901-0609-C7E0-EEB5-2A70E3104401&str=
  98. A. Sztejnberg, Rev. CENIC Cienc. Quím. 2019, 50(1), 90–102. Retrieved from https://ojs3.cnic.cu/index.php/RevQuim/article/view/297
  99. B. Halton, Chem. N. Z. 2018, 82(1), 46-52. Retrieved from https://nzic.org.nz/app/uploads/2018/07/CiNZ-Jan-2018-min.pdf
  100. Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry. 2020. (Second paragraph). Retrieved from Beilstein-Institut website: https://www.beilstein-institut.de/en/publications/organic-chemistry/
  101. Fedor Fedorovich Beil'shtein (05.02.1838 – 05.10.1906). 2015. Retrieved from WEB-MUZEY Sankt-Peterburgskogo Gosudarstvennogo Tekhnologicheskogo Instituta website: https://museum-spbti.wixsite.com/museum/belstein
  102. Quoted in ref. 2 (Shmulevich, Musabekov), p. 5.
  103. P. Stumm, Leopold Gmelin (1788-1853). Leben und Werk eines Heidelberger Chemikers, Centaurus Verlag & Media UG, Freiburg, 2012.
  104. J. Gregor, Gmelin-Beilstein medal will be awarded to Guillermo Restrepo. Max-Planck-Institut für Mathematik in den Naturwissenschaften (MPIMIS). 2020. Retrieved from
  105. https://nachrichten.idw-online.de/2020/02/27/gmelin-beilstein-medal-will-be-awarded-to-guillermo-restrepo/
  106. J. Herr, Gmelin-Beilstein-Denkmünze. 2020. Retrieved from the Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker website: https://www.gdch.de/gdch/preise-und-auszeichnungen/gdch-preise/gmelin-beilstein-denkmuenze.html