Lead and copper toxicity affecting chromosome structure, cell death, and micronucleus formation in Glycine max Cv-JS-355 root tip cells
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-3423Keywords:
Heavy metals (Pb and Cu), seed germination, radicle length, mitotic index, genotoxicity, cell death, Glycine max Cv-JS-355Abstract
The rapid rise of heavy metals and their extensive industrial use have raised concerns because these metals are released into the environment from both intentional and unintentional sources. When present in the environment in high concentrations, heavy metals may threaten the plant kingdom, particularly staple food crops. Nevertheless, little research has been done to identify the effects of heavy metals. The current study aims to assess the cytological alterations caused by lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) heavy metals on Glycine max Cv-JS-355. For two hours, Glycine max seeds were subjected to different Pb and Cu concentrations (CN, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 ppm). They were examined for their effects on chromosomal aberrations (CAs), micronucleus index (MNI), radicle length (RL), mitotic index (MI), cell death (CD), and seed germination (SG). The findings show a dose-dependent rise in MNI, CAs, CD and a substantial decrease in SG, RL, and MI. Furthermore, the percentage of abnormal mitotic cells, including cell nucleic leaking (CNL), Multi-pole division (MPD), Chromosomal bridge at telophase (CBT), chromosome retarded in anaphase (CRA), Dissociate chromosome in metaphase (DCM), increased in the Pb and Cu treated groups.
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