Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of manganese in meristematic cells of Glycine max L. root
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-3775Keywords:
Manganese (Mn), Glycine max L, mitotic index, abnormality index, cell kineticsAbstract
A crucial method for evaluating the potential harm to the genome caused by contaminants at levels exceeding the optimal threshold is the chromosomal plant assay. This paper reports on a study that examined the effects of varying concentrations of manganese (Mn) on the mitotic index (MI), cell kinetics index (CKI), and abnormality index (AI) in Glycine max L. root tip cells. Percentage of mitotic index, abnormality index, cell kinetics index, in root meristems of Glycine max L. at control and varying concentrations of Mn were evaluated. The findings showed that Mn doses that were utilized for seed treatment caused distinct differences in chromosomal activity of Glycine max L. root tip cells, with a decreased mitotic index and cell kinetics, and an increased abnormality index. Treatment was conducted at room temperature for 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours at four different concentrations of Mn: CN (Control), 5μM, 10μM, 15μM, and 20μM. The control group was treated with distilled water. The findings demonstrated that Mn has cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on Glycine max L. root tip cells.
Downloads
References
Aseef A, Venkatkumar S. 2025. Staggering cytotoxic effects of manganese oxide nanoparticles from Bacillus thuringiensis. Microb. Pathog. 198:107184.
Aslam M, Aslam A, Sheraz M, Ali B, Ulhassan Z, Najeeb U, Zhou W, Gill RA. 2021. Lead toxicity in cereals: mechanistic insight into toxicity, mode of action, and management. Front. Plant Sci. 11:587785.
Bonciu E, Firbas P, Fontanetti CS, Wusheng J, Karaismailoğlu MC, Liu D, Menicucci F, Pesnya DS, Popescu A, Romanovsky AV, Schiff S, Ślusarczyk J, de Souza CP, Srivastava A, Sutan A, Papini A. 2018. An evaluation for the standardization of the Allium cepa test as cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assay. Caryologia. 71(3): 191-209
Bonciu E, Paraschivu M, Șuțan NA, Olaru AL. 2022. Cytotoxicity of sunset yellow and brilliant blue food dyes in a plant test system. Caryologia. 75(2):143-9.
Chukwu EC, Gulser C. 2025. Morphological, physiological, and anatomical effects of heavy metals on soil and plant health and possible remediation technologies. Soil Sec. 100178.
Das D, Bisht K, Chauhan A, Gautam S, Jaiswal JP, Salvi P, Lohani P. 2023. Morpho-physiological and Biochemical responses in wheat foliar sprayed with zinc-chitosan-salicylic acid nanoparticles during drought stress. Plant Nano Biol. 4:100034.
Dorman DC. 2023. The role of oxidative stress in manganese neurotoxicity: a literature review focused on contributions made by Professor Michael Aschner. Biomolecules. 13(8), p.1176.
Elik Ü, Gül Z. 2025. Accumulation potential of lead and cadmium metals in maize (Zea mays L.) and effects on physiological-morphological characteristics. Life. 15(2):310.
Ertürk FA, Sunar S. 2021. Determination of cytogenetic and epigenetic effects of manganese and copper on Zea mays L. ISPEC J. Agric. Sci. 5(3):529-43.
Espinola EC, Cabreros MM, Redillas MC. 2025. Morpho-Physiological Adaptations of Rice Cultivars Under Heavy Metal Stress: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Life. 15(2):189.
Fairoj SA, Ghosh UK, Islam MM, Jahan K, Siddiqui S, Alshaharani MO, Siddiqua A, Yassin HM.2024. Amelioration strategy of saline stress in wheat with salicylic acid: a review. Caryologia. 77(3):11-25.
Faizan M, Bhat JA, El-Serehy HA, Moustakas M, Ahmad P. 2022. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) alleviate arsenic toxicity in soybean by modulating photosynthetic function, nutrient uptake and antioxidant potential. Metals. 12(12):2030.
Firbas P, Amon T. 2014. Chromosome damage studies in the onion plant Allium cepa L. Caryologia. 67(1): 25-35
Hafeez A, Rasheed R, Ashraf MA, Qureshi FF, Hussain I, Iqbal M. 2023 Effect of heavy metals on growth, physiological and biochemical responses of plants. In Plants and their interaction to environmental pollution. (pp. 139-159). Elsevier.
Hossain J, Azam MG, Gaber A, Aftab T, Hossain A. 2022. Cytotoxicity of metal/metalloids’ pollution in plants. In Metals Metalloids, Soil Plant Water Systems. 371-394. Academic Press.
Jomova K, Alomar SY, Valko R, Nepovimova E, Kuca K, Valko M. 2025. The role of redox-active iron, copper, manganese, and redox-inactive zinc in toxicity, oxidative stress, and human diseases. EXCLI Journal. 24:880-954.
Lee SY, Lee YY, Cho KS. 2024. Inoculation effect of heavy metal-tolerant and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for rhizoremediation. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. (2):1419-34.
Liman R, Ali MM, Istifli ES, Ciğerci İH, Bonciu E. 2022. Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of pethoxamid herbicide on Allium cepa cells and its molecular docking studies to unravel genotoxicity mechanism. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 29: 63127–63140.
Mauser KM, Wolfram J, Spaak JW, Honert C, Brühl CA. 2025. Current-use pesticides in vegetation, topsoil and water reveal contaminated landscapes of the Upper Rhine Valley, Germany. Commun. Earth Environ. 6(1):166.
Munir N, Jahangeer M, Bouyahya A, El Omari N, Ghchime R, Balahbib A, Aboulaghras S, Mahmood Z, Akram M, Ali Shah SM, Mikolaychik IN. 2021. Heavy metal contamination of natural foods is a serious health issue: A review. Sustainability. 14(1):161.
Perfileva AI, Krutovsky KV. 2024. Manganese nanoparticles: synthesis, mechanisms of influence on plant resistance to stress, and prospects for application in agricultural chemistry. J. Agric. Food Chem. 72(14):7564-85.
Periakaruppan R, Vanathi P, Priyanka G, Vidhya D. 2023. Toxicity in plants by metal oxide nanoparticles. In Nanometal Oxides in Horticulture and Agronomy; Academic Press: Cambridge, MA, USA, 2023; pp. 241–273.
Ping KY, Darah I, Yusuf UK, Yeng C, Sasidharan S. 2012. Genotoxicity of Euphorbia hirta: an Allium cepa assay. Molecules. 17(7):7782–7791.
Qian YA, Haipeng LI, Yinghao LI, Helian LI. 2024. Wheat morphological and biochemical responses to copper oxide nanoparticles in two soils. Pedosphere. 34(4):814-25.
Rao MJ, Duan M, Zhou C, Jiao J, Cheng P, Yang L, Wei W, Shen Q, Ji P, Yang Y, Conteh O. 2025. Antioxidant defense system in plants: Reactive oxygen species production, signaling, and scavenging during abiotic stress-induced oxidative damage. Horticulturae. 11(5):477.
Sarac I, Bonciu E, Butnariu M, Petrescu I, Madosa E. 2019. Evaluation of the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of some heavy metals by use of Allium test. Caryologia. 72(2):37-43.
Sarkar AK, Saha R, Halder R. 2022. Chromosomes damage by sewage water studies in the Allium cepa L. and Zea mays L. Caryologia. 75(1):55-63.
Shahwar D, Khan Z, Ansari MY. 2022. Cadmium induced genotoxicity and antioxidative defense system in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) genotype. Caryologia. 75(3):47-64.
Siddiqui S, Al Amri SAM, Al Ghamdy HA, Alqahtani WSS, Alquyr SM, Yassin HM. 2021. Impact of Bisphenol A on seed germination, radicle length and cytogenetic alterations in Pisum sativum L. Caryologia. 74(2): 103–109.
Siddiqui S, Alamri S, Al-Rumman S, Moustafa M. 2018. Allelopathic and cytotoxic effects of medicinal plants on vegetable crop pea (Pisum sativum). Cytologia.83(3):277-82.
Siddiqui S, Al-Rumman S. 2020a. Clethodim induced pollen sterility and meiotic abnormalities in vegetable crop Pisum sativum L. Caryologia. 73: 37–44.
Siddiqui S, Al-Rumman S. 2020b. Cytological changes induced by clethodim in Pisum sativum plant. Bangladesh J. Bot. 49(2):367–374.
Siddiqui S, Al-Rumman S. 2022a. Methomyl, imbraclaobrid and clethodim induced cytomixis and syncytes behaviors in PMCs of Pisum sativum L: Causes and outcomes. Saudi J Biol Sci. 29(9):103390.
Siddiqui S, Al-Rumman S. 2022b. Exposure of Pisum sativum L. seeds to methomyl and imidacloprid cause genotoxic effects in pollen-mother cells. Biology. 11: 1549.
Siddiqui S, Al-Rumman S. 2022c. Methomyl has clastogenic and aneugenic effects and alters the mitotic kinetics in Pisum sativum L. Caryologia. 75(3): 91–99.
Siddiqui S, Meghvansi MK, Hasan Z. 2007. Cytogenetic changes induced by sodium azide (NaN3) on Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seeds. S. Afr. J. Bot. 73(4):632–5.
Siddiqui S, Meghvansi MK, Khan SS. 2012. Glyphosate, alachor and maleic hydrazide have genotoxic effect on Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 88(5):659-65.
Siddiqui S, Meghvansi MK, Wani MA, Jabee F. 2009. Evaluating cadmium toxicity in the root meristem of Pisum sativum L. Acta Physiol. Plant. 31:531-6.
Siddiqui S, Sulaiman AA. 2021. Influence of nanoparticles on food: An analytical assessment. Journal of King Saud University-Science, 33;(6):101530.
Siddiqui S. 2012. Lead-induced genotoxicity in Vigna mungo var. HD-94. J. Saudi Soc. Agric. Sci. 11(2):107–12.
Siddiqui S. 2013. Exposure of Cu and Mn to Cicer arietinum L. Var. BGD-72 seeds induces morphological and biochemical changes in the plant. South Asian J. Exp. Biol. 3 (1): 31‐36.
Siddiqui S. 2015. DNA damage in Cicer plant grown on soil polluted with heavy metals. J. King Saud Univ. Sci. 27(3):217–23.
Siddiqui S. 2018. Cytotoxicity induced by aluminum sulfate in cells of root meristem of Pisum sativum cv. arikil. Bangl. J. Bot. 1:47:219.
Siddiqui S. 2023. Phenthoate toxicity evaluation in root meristem of Pisum sativum L. Caryologia. 76(1):57–66.
Siddiqui S. 2024 a. DNA Damage, cell death, and alteration of cell proliferation insights caused by copper oxide nanoparticles using a plant-based model. Biology. 13(10): 805.
Siddiqui S. 2025a. Global patterns and drivers of species and genera richness of Fabaceae. Front. Plant Sci. 16:1581814.
Siddiqui S. 2025 b. Unlocking the environmental potential of biochar: production, applications, and limitations. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. 9:1569941.
Siddiqui S. 2024b. Effects of cypermethrin on morphological, physiological, and biochemical attributes of Cicer arietinum (Fabales: Fabaceae). Front. Sustain. Food Syst. 8: 1446308.
Siddiqui S. 2014. Genotoxic effect of four medicinal plant extracts on Pisum sativum cv. Arikil. Bangl. J. Bot. 43(1): 107-111.
Siddiqui S. 2016. Inhibitory effects of leaf extracts on morphology of Pisum sativum cv. Arikil. Bangl. J. Bot. 45(1): pp.243-246.
Sobańska Z, Roszak J, Kowalczyk K, Stępnik M. 2021. Applications and biological activity of nanoparticles of manganese and manganese oxides in in vitro and in vivo models. Nanomaterials. 11(5):1084.
Tümer C, Çavuşoğlu K. and Yalcin E. 2022. Screening the toxicity profile and genotoxicity mechanism of excess manganese confirmed by spectral shift. Scientific Reports, 12(1):.20986.
Üstündağ Ü, Macar O, Kalefetoğlu Macar T, Yalçın E, Çavuşoğlu K. 2023. Effect of Melissa officinalis L. leaf extract on manganese-induced cyto-genotoxicity on Allium cepa L. Sci. Rep. 13(1):22110.
Vieira IT, Nascimento AL, Sampaio RA, Pegoraro RF. 2025. Vermicompost from sewage sludge: effects on heavy metal presence in soil and bioaccumulation in castor bean. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1-4.
Vijaya Kumar M, Prasad Raju H. 2025. Heavy Metals in the Environment: Sources, Fate, and Health Implications. In-Groundwater Resource Management Planning Strategies: A Geospatial Approach: Volume 1 2025 Jun 17 (pp. 135-153). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
Xia Z, Xue C, Liu R, Hui Q, Hu B, Rennenberg H. 2025. Lead accumulation and concomitant reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging in Robinia pseudoacacia are dependent on nitrogen nutrition. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 219:109388.
Yu JA, Chen Z, Gao W, He S, Xiao D, Fan W, Huo M, Nugroho WA. 2025. Global trends and prospects in research on heavy metal pollution at contaminated sites. J. Environ. Manag. 1;383:125402.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Sazada Siddiqui
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Copyright on any open access article in a journal published byCaryologia is retained by the author(s).
- Authors grant Caryologia a license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher.
- Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified.
- The Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 formalizes these and other terms and conditions of publishing articles.
- In accordance with our Open Data policy, the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Public Domain Dedication waiver applies to all published data in Caryologia open access articles.
